The study of ion channels and other membrane proteins and their potential use as biosensors and drug screening targets require their reconstitution in an artificial membrane. These applications would greatly benefit from microfabricated devices in which stable artificial lipid bilayers can be rapidly and reliably formed. However, the amount of protein delivered to the bilayer must be carefully ...

Artificial channels dug by non-interacting nanoparticles in infectious biofilms enhance antibiotic penetration and bacterial killing in vitro vivo.

Intelligence is a very important characteristic for cognitive radios networks. Design of cognitive engine and application of artificial intelligence techniques are key to the implementation of this characteristic. In this paper, we have proposed a system model of cognitive network which is based on the concept of multiple cognitive terminals sharing the same set of channels. The effect of numbe...

Luminance contrast was found to affect high-spatial-frequency tritanopia despite the S-cone coordinates of the stimuli being kept constant. This proves that a traditional account of artificial tritanopias based on the spatial resolution differences between the S-cone channel and the M- and L-cone channels is not applicable here. We suggest that the lack of spatial resolution in one of the post-...

We review recent advances in rectification control of artificial microswimmers, also known as Janus particles, diffusing along narrow, periodically corrugated channels. The swimmer self-propulsion mechanism is modeled so as to incorporate a nonzero torque (propulsion chirality). We first summarize the effects of chirality on the autonomous current of microswimmers freely diffusing in channels o...

Native membrane vesicles of human cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum have been fused with artificial lipid bilayers to obtain recordings of single chloride and calcium release channels. Tissue was obtained from the explanted hearts of patients with end-stage cardiac failure undergoing heart transplantation. Although previous studies of calcium uptake and release have shown that the function of the ...

Apparent shear stress acting on a vertical interface between the main channel and floodplain in a compound channel serves to quantify the momentum transfer between sub sections of this cross section. In this study, three soft computing methods are used to simulate apparent shear stress in prismatic compound channels. The Genetic Algorithm Artificial neural network (GAA), Genetic Programming (GP...

In this paper we address physical layer security in MIMO frequency selective wireless channels in the presence of a passive eavesdropper, i.e., the associated channel is unknown to the transmitter. Signalling is based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Spatial beamforming and artificial noise broadcasting are chosen as the strategy for secure transmission. The contribution of...

A regular network of neurons is constructed by using the Morris-Lecar (ML) neuron with the ion channels being considered, and the potential mechnism of the formation of a spiral wave is investigated in detail. Several spiral waves are initiated by blocking the target wave with artificial defects and/or partial blocking (poisoning) in ion channels. Furthermore, possible conditions for spiral wav...

The literate and city-based polities of Sumer and Akkad in southern Iraq are widely regarded as among the earliest examples of successful city-based civilisation, and great strides have been made in understanding their archaeology, economy, literature and social conditions. Fundamental to the development of these societies was a network of water channels, which provided irrigation for the culti...