While married female members of the Japanese aristocracy followed the ideal of bearing children, female Buddhist novices and ordained women, often belonging to the aristocracy themselves, had to abstain from sexual activity and reproduction in accordance with the ordination rules. Infertility was considered with disdain by the first group, whereas not bearing children was the utmost expression ...

The article discusses the ideas of self-government province in national movement indigenous people Minusinsk and Achinsk districts Yenisei Province during first revolution Russia. is based on archival materials published works Khakas movement. aims to investigate causes emergence analyze imperial policy towards population. In course this research author has come following conclusions. new gover...

For many years, pioneer work has begun to uncover the history of mortality in England during the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, before the Black Death. Nearly a hundred years ago, Creighton collected chronicle references to outbreaks of disease and mortality in his History ofepidemics in England.' In 1948 and 1966, J. C. Russell analysed the inquisitions post mortem to reveal patter...