Abstract The Paper presents analyses of the strategies and projects that have been implemented realised in landscape architecture, environmental protection, sustainable design chosen cities Poland Slovakia. There are several levels evaluation: first one is policy approach (which includes strategic documents, conceptions, plans which elaborated), second level sustainability (including architectu...

In this paper, I argue for the use of robotic competitions as benchmarks for robotics research. By providing a common task to be solved at a specific place and a specific time, competitions avoid some of the difficulties arising when evaluating robotics research in the own lab. Competitions also bring together multiple research groups working on the same problem. This fosters the exchange of id...

In a privatization competition, private contractors bid against an in-house team to perform a governmental function that is currently performed by the in-house team. The Department of Defense initiated 3,500 privatization competitions from 1978 to 1994, generating estimated annual savings of $1.46 billion. We estimate a reduced-form model of the savings from these competitions that takes into a...

In post-war Italy, the requests for renewal of childhood educational practices and search architectural identity converge a change emerges in conception architecture holiday camps. The essay provides an overview diffusion colonies Italian context, and, through analysis two competitions, focuses on relationship between socialization dynamics, articulation spaces buildings, light dual individual ...

Around 1903–04 there was an outstanding number of sacral design competitions in Hungary, two which at first glance seem very similar, and their juxtaposition even seemed to be a way drawing more general conclusions. the Ministry agriculture looking for plans churches designs villages settled by state treasury, while archdiocese Kalocsa Catholic built on outskirts subotica. calls proposals were ...