The shallow tunnelling method (STM) is usually used to construct tunnels buried in soft ground. It consists of primary lining and secondary (tunnel). In the seismic design STM tunnels, it assumed that (tunnel) resistant all effects. However, soil–primary–secondary system may generate complex interaction phenomena during ground shaking. Compared with case where not considered, existence alters r...

The medial longitudinal arch plays a major role in determining lower extremity kinematics. Thus, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of the arch structure in response to load. The purpose of this study was to examine arch function in high- and low-arched feet during a vertical loading condition. Ten high- and ten low-arched females performed five trials in a sit-to-stand exercise. Ground...

Leg stiffness between high-arched (HA) and low-arched (LA) runners was compared. It was hypothesized that high-arched runners would exhibit increased leg stiffness, increased sagittal plane support moment, greater vertical loading rates, decreased knee flexion excursion and increased activation of the knee extensor musculature. Twenty high-arched and 20 low-arched subjects were included in this...

Large-Eddy Simulation is used to simulate wind-induced pollutant dispersion from a vent on the roof of a cubical building. The profiles of the computed mean value and standard deviation of the concentration in the wake of the building are compared to wind-tunnel measurements and good agreement is found. The velocity and concentration values at two monitoring points located in the shear layer de...

To establish of estimation for snow cornice on flat roofs, the authors conducted wind tunnel test using natural and field observation subjected to two buildings, then examined methods estimate roof shape coefficient based speed.

A time-dependent moment tensor inversion technique is applied to 20 seismic events recorded ahead of an advancing tunnel excavation at the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) in Canada. The data are recorded on a 16-sensor triaxial accelerometer array, and the events are chosen from a section of the tunnel such that the event-sensor paths are unaffected by the presence of the tunnel. Factoriz...

Background: Aortico-right ventricular tunnel is an extremely rare congenital defect rarely described in an infant. This diagnosis is likely to be missed due to its rare entity and similar clinical presentations with other aortico-right ventricular communications like ruptured sinus of valsalva. Methods: We report a case of previously undiagnosed aortico-right ventricular tunnel along with a per...

A series of experiments were carried out in an arched tunnel (50 m long, 2 wide, 2.3 high). Under the influence aspect ratios (1, and 3) oil pool orientation relative to sidewall, flame length temperature distribution under ceiling was studied. Oil pools with 3 placed center as a control group. Results show that sidewall is decisive factor affecting fire behavior. The heat release rate decrease...