Life, thought of as adaptively organised complexity, depends upon information and inference, which is nearly always inductive, because the world, though lawful, is far from being wholly predictable. There are several influential theories of probabilistic inference in neural systems, but here I focus on the theory of Coherent Infomax, and its relation to the theory of free energy reduction. Cohe...

the holistic approach encourages the client to  include rehabilitation strategies that support the general person condition. in this approach in every condition of physical and mental health, decreasing stress and increasing person's immunity and psychological resilience can help the whole body cope better, rehabilitate more quickly, and maintain better health. holistic treatment means that the...

some of the library & information science as well as computer specialists are considering image indexing as one of the best ways for the appropriate image storage and retrieval. therefore each, of them has tried to use different approaches and methods for image indexing. although their efforts have solved some problems of image indexing. because of the unique features of images that distinguish...

Trying to make a decision between two outcomes, when there is some level of uncertainty, is inherently difficult because it involves probabilistic reasoning. Previous studies have shown that most people do not correctly apply Bayesian inference to solve probabilistic problems for decision making under uncertainty. In an effort to improve decision making with Bayesian problems, previous work has...

Hierarchical Bayesian inference in the brain: Psychological models and neural implementation by Lei Shi Doctor of Philosophy in Neuroscience University of California, Berkeley Professor Thomas Griffiths, Chair The human brain effortlessly solves problems that still pose a challenge for modern computers, such as recognizing patterns in natural images. Many of these problems can be formulated in ...

Traditional theories of sensorimotor learning posit that animals use sensory error signals to find the optimal motor command in the face of Gaussian sensory and motor noise. However, most such theories cannot explain common behavioral observations, for example that smaller sensory errors are more readily corrected than larger errors and that large abrupt (but not gradually introduced) errors le...

Economists look at the entrepreneurship from the prospective of profitability, investment, risk, and insight supporting the economical development but it seems that, in modern societies, entrepreneurship`s function is beyond the economical bounds. According to the stage and importance of entrepreneurship which is known as the society’s economic and culture evolution engine, it is necessary to d...

schizophrenia is a debilitating illness, rating as one of the leading causes of lost years of quality of life. the illness imposes a disproportionate burden on patients and their families, healthcare systems and society. pharmacological management is the cornerstone of treatment of schizophrenia, and antipsychotics, both first generation of antipsychotics and second generation of antipsychotics...