27 Apelin is an endogenous ligand for the angiotensin-like 1 receptor (APJ) and has beneficial 28 effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Little is known about the role of 29 apelin in the homing of vascular progenitor cells (PCs) and cardiac functional recovery 30 post-myocardial infarction (MI). The present study investigates whether apelin affects PCs 31 homing to the infarct...

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of global morbidity mortality independently associated with cardiovascular disease. Indeed, patients CKD are more likely to die than they progress failure. Despite current standard care, outcomes remain poor newer therapies needed. Apelin, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator potent inotrope, potential novel treatment ...

The recently discovered peptide apelin is known to be involved in the maintenance of insulin sensitivity. However, questions persist regarding its precise role in the chronic setting. Fasting glucose, insulin, and adiponectin levels were determined on mice with generalized deficiency of apelin (APKO). Additionally, insulin (ITT) and glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed. To assess the im...

The peptide hormone apelin is translated as a 77-residue preproprotein, truncated to the 55-residue proapelin and, subsequently, to 13-36-residue bioactive isoforms named apelin-13 to -36. Proapelin is hypothesized to be cleaved to apelin-36 and then to the shorter isoforms. However, neither the mechanism of proapelin processing nor the endoproteases involved have been determined. We show direc...

BACKGROUND To assess cardiovascular actions of APJ agonism during prolonged (Pyr(1))apelin-13 infusion and renin-angiotensin system activation. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-eight volunteers and 12 patients with chronic stable heart failure attended a series of randomized placebo-controlled studies. Forearm blood flow, cardiac index, left ventricular dimensions, and mean arterial pressure were me...

The apelinergic system has a widespread expression in the central nervous system (CNS) including the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus and median eminence, and isolated cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary. This pattern of expression in hypothalamic nuclei known to contain corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and vasopressin (AVP) and to co-ordinate endocrine responses to stre...

Background: Apelin is an adipokine and also a myokine likely to be involved in whole body metabolic adaptive changes that occur in response to regular exercise. Aim: Is to study the effect of exercise induced apelin release or exogenous apelin on high fat diet/sucrose (HFD/ sucrose) induced Metabolic Syndrome (MS). Material and Methods: 40 male wistar albino rats of local strain weighing 130-18...

Apelin, a recently isolated neuropeptide that is expressed in the supraoptic and the paraventricular nuclei, acts on specific receptors located on vasopressinergic neurons. The increased phasic pattern of these neurons facilitates sustained antidiuresis during dehydration or lactation. Here, we investigated whether apelin interacts with arginine vasopressin (AVP) to maintain body fluid homeosta...

Apelin was identified in 1998 as the endogenous ligand for the then orphan G-protein–coupled receptor, APJ, now renamed the apelin receptor. Widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, the apelin system participates in a diverse array of processes, including glucose metabolism, immune function, and fluid homeostasis. However, its principal physiological role seems to ...

Apelin is hypothesized to serve a dual function in pain processing. Spinal administration of apelin induces hyperalgesia, while opioid receptors are implicated in the antinociceptive effects of apelin in acute nociceptive models. However, whether the apelin‑apelin receptor (APJ) system is involved in neuropathic pain remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact and m...