BACKGROUND Decision curve analysis (DCA) has been proposed as an alternative method for evaluation of diagnostic tests, prediction models, and molecular markers. However, DCA is based on expected utility theory, which has been routinely violated by decision makers. Decision-making is governed by intuition (system 1), and analytical, deliberative process (system 2), thus, rational decision-makin...

The jury is still out concerning the epistemic conditions for backward induction, the “oldest idea in game theory” (Aumann, 1995, p. 635). Aumann (1995) and Stalnaker (1996) take conflicting positions in the debate: the former claims that common “knowledge” of “rationality” in a game of perfect information entails the backwardinduction solution; the latter that it does not. Of course there is n...

The jury is still out concerning the epistemic conditions for backward induction, the “oldest idea in game theory” ([2, p. 635]). Aumann [2] and Stalnaker [31] take contradictory positions in the debate: Aumann claims that common ‘knowledge’ of ‘rationality’ in a game of perfect information entails the backward-induction solution; Stalnaker that it does not.1 Of course there is nothing wrong wi...

It seems reasonable to expect that the inclusion of cases on the decision boundaries in a training set would assist in deriving a more accurate neural network classiier, indeed there are reports in the literature of success with this approach. This paper describes a number of experiments using a genetic algorithm to generate boundary points and two strategies for including them in training. Whi...

Any activity that receives inputs and convert them to outputs can be considered as a process. Essentially the same model equations are used in the theory of chemical, biochemical, nuclear, mechanical, or other process engineering. The goal of our researcher group has been to identify the processes, a network of processes, process variables and process equations in food logistics. In our paper w...

Import risk analysis is now a well-established discipline which aims to assist Veterinary Services to answer the following questions: 'What can go wrong?', 'How likely is it to go wrong?', 'What would be the consequences of it going wrong?' and 'What can be done to reduce either the likelihood or the consequences of it going wrong?'. Risk communication is that part of the overall process which,...

Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (FCD) has occasionally led to a misdiagnosis and wrong decision which can significantly alter the outcome of the patients. A 9-yr-old boy presented with pain on his left distal thigh for 6 months without any trauma history. Initial radiographs showed moth eaten both osteolytic and osteosclerotic lesions and biopsy findings showed that the lesion revealed many irregu...

The aphorism “All models are wrong but some are useful” (Box, 1978) sums up much of what ML is about. The assumptions we make in the Naive Bayes approach to sentimanet classification are wrong, but this is true of the assumptions made in all current formal models of human language (statistical or otherwise), with the possible exception of a few which are very restricted indeed. However, the que...

A fast intra/inter mode decision method using a risk-minimization criterion is proposed to reduce the encoder complexity of the H.264 encoder in this work. The current H.264 reference codes employ exhaustive search to find the best mode that optimizes the rate-distortion performance among all possible intra/inter predictive modes. To develop a fast binary mode decision scheme (i.e. either the i...

This article is the first in a series of four exploring how nurses make decisions. It distinguishes clinical judgement from the process of decision-making and looks at the sorts of decisions nurses make and what can go wrong.