UNLABELLED Our objective was to evaluate the relationship of urine metals including barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, lead, antimony, thallium, tungsten, and uranium with diabetes prevalence. Data were from a cross-sectional study of 9,447 participants of the 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative sample of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized ...

In this study, we followed the genomic, lipidomic and metabolomic changes associated with the selection of miltefosine (MIL) resistance in two clinically derived Leishmania donovani strains with different inherent resistance to antimonial drugs (antimony sensitive strain Sb-S; and antimony resistant Sb-R). MIL-R was easily induced in both strains using the promastigote-stage, but a significant ...

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a common parasitic disease in Southern Europe, caused by Leishmania infantum. The failures of current treatment with pentavalent antimonials are partially attributable to the emergence of antimony-resistant Leishmania strains. This study analyses the in vitro susceptibility to pentavalent antimony of intracellular amastigotes from a range of L. infantum strains, deri...

Background and aim: Pentavalent antimony compounds are the first line treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clinical resistance to pentavalent antimony in the form of meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) has been recognized as a problem in leishmaniasis. Herein, clinical response to Glucantime were studied in patients suffered from cutaneous leishmaniasis.Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectio...

We previously documented the induction of Leishmania amastigote apoptosis by trivalent antimony (SbIII) and nitric oxide (NO). We demonstrate here that SbIII-resistant amastigotes were resistant to NO toxicity when delivered extracellularly by NO donors or intracellularly via macrophage activation. Shared biochemical targets for SbIII and NO resistance in Leishmania are discussed.

Strain LSJC7, with dual resistance to arsenic and tetracycline, was isolated from an antimony tailing in China. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence has the highest similarity to that of Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens LMG 2683(T) (97.02%). Here we present the approximately 4.6-Mbp draft genome sequence of strain LSJC7.

Pentavalent antimonial compounds have been the first line therapy for leishmaniasis; unfortunately the rate of treatment failure of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is increasing due to emerging of drug resistance. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms operating in antimony resistance is critical for development of new strategies for treatment. Here, we used a cDNA-AFLP approach to...

Bacteria have evolved various types of resistance mechanism to toxic soft metals and metalloids, including cadmium/zinc, copper/silver and arsenic/antimony. Active efflux of the metal is a frequently utilized stratagem to produce resistance by lowering the intracellular concentration to subtoxic levels. Reduction to a less-toxic form or to a form recognized by an efflux system also occurs. Pump...