Background: Polymethylmethacrylate antibiotic impregnated beads can be an effective treatment for chronicosteomyelitis or an adjuvant in the treatment of open fractures. It remains unclear however whether the beads causelong-term adverse events if not removed. The purpose of this study was to determine if removal of antibiotic beads wasrequired in order to avoid long term comp...

Two stage total hip arthroplasty revision surgery includes foreign material debridment, insertion of antibiotic impregnatedcement spacer, and finally, reimplantation of the prosthesis. This review has aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antibioticimpregnated cement spacers in infection control and eradication in arthroplasties.A total of 85 articles on total hip arthroplasty wer...

background: the science of identification and employment of medicinal plants dates ‎back to the early days of man on earth. cannabis (hashish) is the most common illegal ‎substance used in the united states and was subjected to extensive research as a ‎powerful local disinfecting agent for mouth cavity and skin and an anti-tubercular agent ‎in 1950.‎ methods: clinical strains were isolated from...

background : the use of antibiotic prior to surgery is widely accepted. the who has recommended the use of atc/ddd (anatomical therapeutic chemical / defined daily dose) for the analysis of drug utilization.the aims of the present study are 1) to analyze the assessment of prophylactic antibiotic usage prior to surgery, 2) to assess the drug administration based on antibiograms and 3) to compare...

gut microbiota is formed by ten of trillions of microorganisms with at least 1000 different species of known bacteria. one - third of an individual gut microbiota is common to most people, while two - thirds are specific to him. growing amount of evidence indicates that gut microbiota characteristics may play an important role in mental dysfunctions. molecular mimicry between several key neurop...

background mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. even a small amount of it is toxic for all living organisms. some of bacteria have developed special resistance mechanisms against mercury, in addition to resistant to different antibiotics. these bacteria usually acquire hg and antibiotic resistance genes via horizontal gene transfer in their habitat. objectives the aim of this study wa...

background urinary tract infection (uti) is one of the most common bacterial diseasesworldwidethat can be presented asymptomatic or symptomatic, characterized by a wide range of symptoms from mild irritative voiding to bacteremia, sepsis, or even death. in latter decades, widespread utilization of antibiotics has resulted in increased incidence of antibiotic resistance among urinary tract patho...