background: erythropoietin (epo) was first known as a factor for red blood cell proliferation and differentiation. new studies show the effects of epo on immune system. objective: in this study, the effects of pretreatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuepo) on the anti-human leukocyte antibody (anti-hla) titer were determined. methods: three groups of rats were sensitized with human...

purpose: to evaluate the vascular occlusion in coats’ disease   methods: in this non-comparative case series, 13 consecutive patients with coats’ disease from january 2011 to september 2011 were included. the hypercoagulability states were evaluated in these patients.   results: the mean age of the patients in this series was 15.4 years. all but one patient had high anti-cytomegalovirus antibod...

Apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To determine the involvement of glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in the cigarette smoke extract (CSE)‑induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells and the potential mechanisms underlying this effect, A549 cells that originate from alveolar type II epithelial cells were ...

background: infection is now the most common cause of morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). there is lack of information regarding the specific antibody forma-tion in response to vaccines in young sle patients. objective: to determine the efficacy of anti-tetanus antibody response in young patients with sle. methods: forty sle pa-tients with mean age of 14.1 years (range: 7-21) and 6...

High levels of cell surface glucose regulated protein 78 (sGRP78) have been implicated in cancer growth, survival, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here we report that the level of sGRP78 expression in human breast tumors gradually increases during cancer progression. Overexpression of GRP78 significantly enhanced its membrane d...

Background Of the 230,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed annually, 70% express the estrogen receptor-a and may be treated with anti-estrogen therapies. While these drugs induce clinical benefit, over 50% will develop resistance. Recently, we have determined a key role of the unfolded protein response endoplasmic reticulum protein chaperone, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), i...

GRP78, a resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone involved in protein transport, folding and assembly, has been reported in sperm. It is shown to be localized in the neck region of human sperm. We have previously reported GRP78 to be less phosphorylated in asthenozoosperm.The present study aimed to determine whether sperm GRP78 undergoes phosphorylation changes during epididymal maturation...

Evidence has emerged that RNA viruses utilize the host secretory pathway for processing and trafficking mature viral particles and for exiting the infected cells. Upon completing the complex assembly process, the viral particles take advantage of the cellular secretory trafficking machinery for their intracellular trafficking toward the Golgi organelle and budding or export of virions. In this ...

Understanding the origins of resistance to anti-oestrogen drugs is of critical importance to many breast cancer patients. Recent experiments show that knockdown of GRP78, a key gene in the unfolded protein response (UPR), can re-sensitize resistant cells to anti-oestrogens, and overexpression of GRP78 in sensitive cells can cause them to become resistant. These results appear to arise from the ...

Immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP) associates transiently with various proteins destined for the secretory pathway. To investigate the relationship between BiP and the 78K (K = 10(3) Mr) glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), we have determined a partial amino acid sequence of purified mouse BiP and isolated and sequenced a full-length cDNA clone encoding mouse GRP78. The 26 amino-ter...