background: immune system disturbances have an important role in endometriosis which may lead to infertility. it seems that inflammatory cytokines specially tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-) which were produced by activated macrophages have an important role in pathology of endometriosis. based on this theory, anti tnf- drugs like pentoxifylline (px) are suggested as new drugs for endometrio...

A large number of the population faces mortality as an effect tuberculosis (TB). The line treatment in management TB a jolt with ever-increasing multi-drug resistance (DR) cases. Further, drugs engaged are associated different toxicities, such renal and hepatic toxicity. Different combinations sought for effective anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) effects decrease In this regard, drug repurposing has...

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is an immunosuppressive disease that results in life-threatening opportunistic infections and malignancies. Despite continuous advances made in antiretroviral therapy, AIDS has become the leading cause of death in Africa and fourth worldwide; the number of people with HIV is increasing at an alarming rate i...

The hypothesis that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a new, sexually transmitted virus that causes AIDS has been entirely unproductive in terms of public health benefits. Moreover, it fails to predict the epidemiology of AIDS, the annual AIDS risk and the very heterogeneous AIDS diseases of infected persons. The correct hypothesis must explain why: (1) AIDS includes 25 previously known dis...

A recent study by Chigwedere et al., ‘‘Estimating the lost benefits of antiretroviral drug use in South Africa”, claims that during the period from 2000 to 2005 about 330,000 South African AIDS-deaths were caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) per year that could have been prevented by available anti-HIV drugs. The study blamed those who question the hypothesis that HIV is the cause ...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that has been affected 34 million people worldwide. Though an unprecedented growth has been taken place in the development of anti-HIV drugs during the last two decades, there is still no cure for this deadly disease. Cross resistance to anti HIV drugs is also a major concern in the develo...