Anterior/posterior compartment borders bisect every Drosophila imaginal disc, and the engrailed gene is essential for their function. We analyzed the role of the engrailed and invected genes in wing discs by eliminating or increasing their activity. Removing engrailed/invected from posterior wing cells created two new compartments: an anterior compartment consisting of mutant cells and a poster...

The mouse tongue musculature and its movements were studied macroscopically. The attachment of the extrinsic tongue muscles was also ascertained by dissection and light microscopy. 1. The genioglossus muscle of the mouse was attached to the posterior surface of the midsagittal region of the mandibular symphysis but medial and posterior to the geniohyoid tendon. 2. The genioglossus muscle was di...

Developmental changes of the zygomatic bone, maxilla and suture between them were investigated on two groups of five newborn rabbits at birth. The zygomaticomaxillary suture was not yet completed in the newborn rabbit, but its completion was observed in the first week after birth. The fusion found on the suture has gradually begun in its middle position, and finally the suture line disappeared,...

An aberrant muscular fascicle, the so-called "accessory cleido-occipital muscle", originated from the anterior border of the cleido-occipital portion of the right trapezius muscle, was detected during a routine dissection of a female cadaver. The aforementioned muscular bundle coursing in the posterior cervical triangle, almost parallel to the anterior border of the trapezius muscle, inserted u...

BACKGROUND Cricopharyngeus is the only muscle for which electromyography is used in the differential diagnosis of swallowing disorders. Because of some practical difficulties, electrophysiologic tests for this muscle are not performed routinely. Thus we aimed to describe an alternative topographic way to reach the muscle easily. METHODS On 10 cadavers, a spinal needle (20 G) and on 37 patient...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze differences in necrotic changes between cortical and cancellous bone in resection margins after segmental mandibulectomy for advanced mandibular osteoradionecrosis. METHODS Anteroposterior bone specimens from eleven patients who underwent segmental mandibulectomy with simultaneous free fibula flap reconstruction for advanced osteoradionecrosis were analy...

Collective cell movement is a mechanism for invasion identified in many developmental events. Examples include the movement of lateral-line neurons in Zebrafish, cells in the inner blastocyst, and metastasis of epithelial tumors [1]. One key model to study collective migration is the movement of border cell clusters in Drosophila. Drosophila egg chambers contain 15 nurse cells and a single oocy...

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the location and characteristics of mental foramen, anterior loop and mandibular incisive canal using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 200 mandibular CBCT scans for the location of mental foramen, anterior loop prevalence and mandibular incisive canal visibility, its mean leng...

BACKGROUND Lateral ankle sprains are common sports injuries that may require surgery for chronic lateral ankle instability. Anatomic repair or reconstruction is desired, yet there is a scarcity of quantitative information regarding the origins and insertions of the lateral ligaments related to surgically pertinent osseous landmarks. METHODS Fourteen ankle specimens were dissected to isolate t...