This paper describes an ant algorithm that colours graphs in an e cient way. First, we describe the graph colouring problem and the ant algorithm. We also present some results and propose a simple generalisation of the algorithm that might allow its application to other assignment problems. Finally, a short study of the algorithm operators explains its performance and shows that it may be seen ...

Social insect societies and more specifically ant colonies, are distributed systems that, in spite of the simplicity of their individuals, present a highly structured social organization. As a result of this organization, ant colonies can accomplish complex tasks that in some cases exceed the individual capabilities of a single ant. The study of ant colonies behavior and of their self-organizin...

Previous studies have ident i f ied two sets of h u m a n au toan t ibod ies with a p p a r e n t dual specifici ty (1-6). T h e first set reacts with the Fc f ragment of IgG (1, 2) and with an an t igen ic d e t e r m i n a n t on core mononucleosomes, the repea t ing h i s tone-DNA subuni t of ch roma t in (3). T h e o ther set, which is the subject of the present report , recognizes a p l a ...

. \bstrat ' t . A ser ies of 10 chicken f locks placed in areas of southern Nen'Jersey, USA, preceding an epizo<l t ic of eastern equirre encephal i t is (EEE) v i rus fa i led to funct ion adequatelv as sent inels for the outbreak. F,pidemiologicaldata including v i rus isolations from mosquitoes and n'i ld birds, confirmation of'equine deaths due to EEE vi rus, and a conf i rmed humat l case ...

A major problem with the emerging sociological literature on cosmopolitanism is that it has not adequately theorized mechanisms that mediate the presumed causal relationship between globalization and the development of cosmopolitan orientations. To solve this problem, I draw on Bruno Latour’s actor-network theory (ANT) to theorize the development of three key elements of cosmopolitanism: cultur...

Disciplinary transgressions are necessary to generate newer understandings. However, such incursions are not always encouraged or acknowledged. As part of the special issue on post-structural perspectives on fisheries, this paper represents an engagement with Actor-Network Theory (ANT) while attempting to study scientific practices on fisheries in British India. Following Michel Callon’s proces...

Myrmecophyte plants house ants within domatia in exchange for protection against herbivores. Ant-myrmecophyte mutualisms exhibit two general patterns due to competition between ants for plant occupancy: (i) domatia nest sites are a limiting resource and (ii) each individual plant hosts one ant species at a time. However, individual camelthorn trees (Vachellia erioloba) typically host two to fou...

When a single intravenous injection of foreign protein is given to rabbits, large amounts of antibody-antigen complex appear in the circulation. The complex usually is first detected on the 7th day, at a time when free circulating antigen is still present. I t reaches a maximum on the 12th day, when free antigen disappears. After the 12th day antibody-antigen complex slowly dedines, while free ...

In this paper, the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based single and 2×2 multiple input output (MIMO) elliptically tapered slot antennas (ETSA) have been demonstrated at D-band. The width of coupling SIW line is selected to operate TE10-mode within frequency range interest. opening designed in front upper lower metal layers radiating end line. outer sides extensions are corrugated improve i...