BACKGROUND In the lumbar spinal column, an annular disruption may be sealed after annulotomy to prevent further prolapse and instability. We investigated the biomechanical effects of various material properties of an injectable sealant. METHODS We used a 3-dimensional, nonlinear, osteoligamentous, experimentally validated finite-element model of the L3-L5 spine segment to study annulotomies o...

Carbonic anhydrase type IX (CA9) is known to express in the fetal joint cartilage to maintain pH against hypoxia. Using paraffin-embedded histology of 10 human fetuses at 10-16 weeks of gestation with an aid of immunohistochemistry of the intermediate filaments, matrix components (collagen types I and II, aggrecan, versican, fibronectin, tenascin, and hyaluronan) and CA9, we observed all joints...

Is there still a role for surgery? Yes, surgical management continues to play an important role in the management of all horses with injuries to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), in both racehorses and sports horses. Intralesional therapy has certainly progressed and there are numerous options for augmenting repair of damaged SDFT. Regenerative therapy continues to improve and with ...

The purpose of this study was to compare sonographic and tenoscopic findings with the purpose of establishing the accuracy and limitations of ultrasonograophy as a non-invasive diagnostic modality in evaluating the DFTS and its enclosed tendons. The medical records from 22 horses which underwent tenoscopic desmotomy of the palmar/plantar annular ligament were evaluated in a retrospective study....