Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by the age-dependent development of focal arteriovenous malformations and telangiectases. HHT type 2 is caused by loss of function mutations in activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ACVRL1 or ALK1). However, the factors that initiate lesion formation and those that influence disease progression remain unknown....

The body composition of thirty-eight Granadina goat kids was measured. Six animals were slaughtered at birth while the remainder were kept individually at an environmental temperature of 24 +/- 2 degrees and a relative humidity of 60 +/- 5%. They were given goat's milk or a milk-substitute at two planes of nutrition until 15 or 30 d of age and then slaughtered. The goat's milk and milk-substitu...

BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that administration of T-type calcium channel (TCC) inhibitors could relieve the neuropathic pain by intraperitoneally or intrathecally. TCCs are not only expressed in dorsal root ganglia or dorsal horn, but also in some of the pain associated brain regions. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether modulating TCCs in the anterior cingulate corte...

Once a cow becomes pregnant, the effect of pregnancy loss on its reproductive cycle is a topic of great interest for dairy herds. This paper reviews the factors of a non-infectious nature that affect the pregnancy maintenance during the late embryonic/early fetal period. Some clinical suggestions on bovine neosporosis and coxiellosis are also highlighted.

Cryptochromes (CRYs) are blue-light photoreceptors with known or presumed functions in light-dependent and light-independent gene regulation in plants and animals. Although the photochemistry of plant CRYs has been studied in some detail, the photochemical behavior of animal cryptochromes remains poorly defined in part because it has been difficult to purify animal CRYs with their flavin cofact...

results overall, 93.4% of the subjects received pep in less than 48 hours after exposure. of the 397 subjects, 86.0% were male, 61.7% aged 0 - 30 years, and 64.7% lived in rural areas. the subjects were mainly bitten by domestic dogs (79.8%), most of the subjects (91.9%) were involved with superficial wounds, and the most common sites of the animal bite were legs (48.1%) and hands (40.6%). the ...

Shigella spp. causing bacterial diarrhea and dysentery are human enteroinvasive bacterial pathogens that are orally transmitted through contaminated food and water and cause bacillary dysentery. Although natural Shigella infections are restricted to humans and primates, several smaller animal models are used to analyze individual steps in pathogenesis. No animal model fully duplicates the human...

Epidemiological studies have shown that age is the chief risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie the increase in the risk of such diseases conferred by aging remain unclear. Recently, genetic analyses using various animal models have identified molecules that are crucial for aging. These include component...

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neuro-developmental disorder caused by loss of function of Mecp2--methyl-CpG-binding protein 2--an epigenetic factor controlling DNA transcription. In mice, removal of Mecp2 in the forebrain recapitulates most of behavioral deficits found in global Mecp2 deficient mice, including amygdala-related hyper-anxiety and lack of social interaction, pointing a role of Mecp2 in ...