dirofilariasis is caused by a filariid parasite of the genus dirofilaria. this zoonotic infection is spread by mosquito vector from animal to human. ocular dirofilariasis involving the eye and adnexa is rare. a nodule in the right eye had developed in a 20-year-old soldier from mazandaran province, north of iran. the mass was removed surgically and measured 5x5 mm. the specimen was identified o...

1. The absolute-intensity threshold of the optokinetic response in the crab Leptograpsus variegatus was measured using a moving continuous monochromatic point source. The results are compared to the photoreceptor responses of the same animal (Doujak, 1984), to determine the photoreceptor signal for the same behavioural threshold stimuli. 2. Optokinetic eye movements demonstrate that at the peak...

The evolution of the eye is a matter of debate ever since Darwin's Origin of Species. While morphological comparisons of eye anatomy and photoreceptor cell types led to the view that animal eyes evolved multiple times independently, the molecular conservation of the pax6 eye-specifying cascade has indicated the contrary - that animal eyes evolved from a common, simple precursor, the proto-eye. ...

a lot of researches have investigated the effects of topical cyclosporine a on the eye surface layers' diseases. by now the main limitation in cyclosporine application is the low permeation of the drug into the posterior segments of the eye. the aim of present study was to formulate high permeable dosage form can be beneficial in the topical treatment of the uveitis. to reach higher corneal dru...

Among various photoreceptors present in arthropods Drosophila eye undergoes certain modification to provide high resolution and sensitivity to the animal. Along with the compound eye Drosophila possess three ocelli for its vision, navigation and locomotion purpose. These ocelli are arranged in a triangular manner in between the compound eye. During third instar larvae, from the eye antenna imag...

Introduction appears to lost vision in the affected eye as it was not able to visualize and feed or water kept on its right The eye is located in the orbital cavity of the side. Animal was diagnosed pregnant at the local skull. It consists of eyeball, optic nerve, and associated veterinary institution at routine three months pregnancy structures such as eyelids, conjunctiva, orbital fascia, dia...

Abstract Racial uprisings often include animalized commentary and symbolic use of nonhuman animal bodies. This paper highlights some the bodies observed during #BlackLivesMatter protests within United States in 2020 – specifically, pig, horse, dog street protests. Displays pigs carry with them a racially rife past States. history harmed protesters protests, being described as suffering “like an...

BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia may be impaired at remembering interitem and item-context relationships (relational memory), even when memory for items is intact. Here, we applied the novel approach of using eye movements to assess integrity of item and relational memory in schizophrenia. This method does not rely on introspection and may be more readily translated to animal models than ...

The cornea is a multi-layered structure which allows fine refraction and provides both resistance to external insults adequate transparency. corneal endothelium ensures stromal hydration, failure of which, such as in Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, after trauma or aging, may lead loss transparency induce blindness. Currently, no efficient therapeutic alternatives exist except for grafting. Thus ti...