It was in 1987 that McNeal and Bostwick first described intraductal dysplasia during a whole-mount pathologic investigation of 100 prostates without cancer and 100 with cancer that were diagnosed in the pre–prostate-specific antigen era. They found foci of dysplasia in 82% of the prostates harboring cancer compared with 43% in those without cancer. Interestingly, both the grade and volume of dy...

O nce upon a time distinguishing between COPD and asthma in a smoking or ex-smoking patient was easy: a patient who smoked, had a low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide or a hyperlucent radiogram, and no bronchodilator response was labelled as COPD; whereas a patient who, whether they smoked or not, had a bronchodilator response and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was an asthma...