Background: Aloes have been used as medicinal plants for centuries. The immunomodulatory effect of Aloe vera has previouslybeen shown. Meanwhile, TNF-α, as an inflammatory cytokine, plays an essential role in defense against invading pathogen. Objectives: In the present study, the effects of A. vera extract gel and its fractions were investigated on the TNF-α production bymacrophages against Ca...

background: infl ammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α) are elevated in end-stage renal disease (esrd). il-6 and tnf-α are toxins which deteriorate renal function, and their pathogenic role has been confi rmed in cardiovascular and oral diseases. this study was designed to investigate the salivary levels of il-6 and tnf-α in patients with esrd un...

Introduction: The systemic and local content of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines play substantial roles in pathophysiology of arthritis. This study was purposed to verify the roles of synovial TNF-α, IL-6 and fractalkine (Fkn) in edema changes during different stages of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-induced knee arthritis in rats. Methods: 168 male Wistar rats were divided i...

Introduction: Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1b and TNF- α have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are also thought to influence immune functions and concentrations of cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of serum IL-1b and TNF-α in depressed patients who were treated, not treated, or poisoned wit...

Objective(s): It is generally believed that the inflammatory response in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation leads to poor survival and unsatisfactory effects, and is mainly mediated by cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the TNF-α-induced inflammatory ...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression amplifies to excess amounts in several disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Although, Anti-TNF biologics have revolutionized the treatment of these autoimmune diseases, formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) has dramatically affected their use. The next generation antibodies (e.g. Fab, scFv) have not only reduced resulted immunoge...