grammaticalization provides a framework to study the genesis and development of grammatical forms in language. in this framework, it is argued that new grammatical forms are constantly developed from lexical items and the already formed grammatical items may go out of use. in spite of some counterexamples, this is often seen as a unidirectional and cyclic process. in this article the concepts o...

this article examines the mu‘tazilite qādī ‘abd al-jabbār’s views on the denotation of miracles according to his own particular methodology. despite his acceptance of the celebrated method of the theologians in the denotation of miracles with respect to the authenticity of prophets, i.e., resorting to divine wisdom, qādī ‘abd al-jabbār instead proposed the issue within the structure of conven...

In his classic 1892 paper On sense and denotation [12], Frege first contends that in addition to their denotation (reference, Bedeutung), proper names also have a sense (Sinn) “wherein the mode of presentation [of the denotation] is contained.” Here proper names include common nouns like “the earth” or “Odysseus” and descriptive phrases like “the point of intersection of lines L1 and L2” which ...

A mathematical denotation is proposed for the notion of complex software systems whose behavior is specified by rigorous formalisms. Complex systems are described in a recursive way as an interconnection of subsystems by means of architectural connectors. In order to consider the largest family of specification formalisms and architectural connectors, this denotation is essentially formalism, s...

abstract: fortunately in recent years in iran, semiotics arguments in literature and art study are noticed by researchers. in according to, the denotation and connotation functions in photography are updated and expanded. thus, necessary bases for continuing this argument are available. although denotation and connotation are belong to semiotics area, but in photography, specially critique of p...

Emerging semantic web service description formalisms, such as OWL-S, allow for a definition of the semantic of services. Describing input and output types is not sufficient to declaratively and unambiguously denote the operations offered by a web service. Two services may have the same input and output types and have completely different semantics of their operation. In this paper we present an...

The paper introduces a semantics for definite logic programs expressed in term of SLD-derivations and studies various properties of SLD-derivations by using the above semantics. The semantics of a program is a goal-independent denotation, which can equivalently be specified by a denotational semantics and a transition system. The denotation is proved to be correct, minimal, AND-compositional an...

Metaphorical creativity does not constitute a static property of discourse. It is an interactive dynamic process created online. There has been a lack of research concerning online produced metaphorical creativity. This paper intends to account for metaphorical creativity in online talk-in-interaction as a dynamic process that emerges as discourse unfolds. It brings together insights from the e...

Nominal sets are a sets-based first-order denotation for variables in logic and programming. In this paper we extend nominal sets to two-level nominal sets. These preserve much of the behaviour of nominal sets—including notions of variable and abstraction—but they include a denotation for variables and meta-variables. Meta-variables are interpreted as infinite lists of distinct variable symbols...