DNA is the genetic material of all living things, except for viruses, most of which have genomes that are RNA – not DNA. Further, the majority of viral RNA genomes are single stranded (ss) rather than duplex chains. The simplest of these ssRNA viruses, whether infecting bacteria, plants, or animals, involve a single copy of their genome, protected (“packaged”) by a single-molecule-thick spheric...

This paper argues that Haigh and Young’s definition of noninterference for intransitive security policies admits information flows that are not in accordance with the intuitions it seeks to formalise. Several alternative definitions are discussed, which are shown to be equivalent to the classical definition of noninterference with respect to transitive policies. Rushby’s unwinding conditions fo...