abstract background: during recent decades, various factors have modified the nurse–physician professional relationship pattern in hospital settings. the present study investigates the typology and dynamics of this relationship as well as the effects of social structures and the actors’ agency by considering the gender variable in two professional groups of nurse and physician. materials and me...

Eva Cox was a founder member of the Women’s Electoral Lobby, and has been Convenor of the Women’s Economic Thinktank since 1989. A sociologist, lecturer, and previously Director of the NSW Council of Social Service, she is a frequent commentator on social policy areas, and delivered the 1995 Boyer Lectures. Her book Leading Women (Random House, 1996) further explores issues raised in this paper...

politeness is a phenomenon which is common to all cultures. each culture has a different perception of what is polite and each language has various devices for expressing politeness. one of the important aspects of politeness which is the central focus of many studies is the polite behaviors of men and women. the focus of this study is on the politeness strategies of males and females from diff...

aim : to evaluate the association between body mass index (bmi) and certain digestive symptoms and signs. background : obesity is of substantial health significance all over the world, and it is categorized by the world health organization among top ten global health problems. there is much evidence that indicates a higher prevalence of digestive symptoms in obese people. patients and methods :...

Transgender/gender-nonconforming (GNC) individuals experience discrimination at high rates, including 19% in one study who reported having been refused medical care based on the their transgender/GNC identity. These individuals may also experience a lack of respect from medical personnel, a dearth of culturally competent knowledge and medical information around their medical needs, and concerns...

Gender nonconformity refers to the extent to which a person's gender identity, gender role and/or gender expression differs from the cultural norms prescribed for people of a particular sex, within a certain society and era. Most data on gender nonconformity focus on the prevalence of gender dysphoria (which also includes a distress factor) or on the number of legal sex changes. However, not ev...

This article uses a historical controversy over the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's standard of identity for peanut butter as a site for investigating three topics of high importance for historians of technology, consumption, and food activism: how new industrial food-processing technologies have become regulatory problems; how government, industry, and consumer actors negotiate standards d...