Within the striatum, cholinergic interneurons, electrophysiologically identified as tonically active neurons (TANs), represent a relatively homogeneous group in terms of their functional properties. They display typical pause in tonic firing in response to rewarding events which are of crucial importance for reinforcement learning. These responses are uniformly distributed throughout the dorsal...

this study is an attempt to adapt a post-structural approach for the analysis of ‘trans-relational’ episodes prevalent in the study of workplace discourse analysis. to do this, the talk between three employees working at the same office was recorded and analyzed based on a discourse analytic framework. the results of data analysis revealed that five type of relational episodes are frequent in t...

Contributing Authors D. Archer, M.R. Ashmore, O. Aumont, D. Baker, M. Battle, M. Bender, L.P. Bopp, P. Bousquet, K. Caldeira, P. Ciais, P.M. Cox, W. Cramer, F. Dentener, I.G. Enting, C.B. Field, P. Friedlingstein, E.A. Holland, R.A. Houghton, J.I. House, A. Ishida, A.K. Jain, I.A. Janssens, F. Joos, T. Kaminski, C.D. Keeling, R.F. Keeling, D.W. Kicklighter, K.E. Kohfeld, W. Knorr, R. Law, T. Le...

The projection from the thalamic centre médian-parafascicular (CM-Pf) complex to the caudate nucleus and putamen forms a massive striatal input system in primates. We examined the activity of 118 neurons in the CM and 62 neurons in the Pf nuclei of the thalamus and 310 tonically active neurons (TANs) in the striatum in awake behaving macaque monkeys and analyzed the effects of pharmacologic ina...

The environmental sustainability of beef production is a significant concern within the food system. Tannins (TANs) can be used to minimize impact ruminant because they improve ruminal fermentation and ruminants’ lifetime performances mitigate methane (CH4) emissions. objective this study was evaluate effects dietary supplementation with TANs as sustainable natural alternative reduce on growth ...

The AMSAT OSCAR-40 (AO-40) spacecraft occupies a highly elliptical orbit (HEO) to support amateur radio experiments. An interesting aspect of the mission is the attempted use of GPS for navigation and attitude determination in HEO. Previous experiences with GPS tracking in such orbits have demonstrated the ability to acquire GPS signals, but very little data were produced for navigation and orb...

Experiments with a strain of black-and-tan mice obtained from an English fancier* 'have shown that these mice contain a hi-therto undescribed gene which is allelomorphic to yellow, agouti, and non-agouti (black}, and: consequently forms a fifth member of this series of multiple allelomorphs. The black-and-tans used are jet black dorsally with a bright yellow belly and retain this coloration thr...

BACKGROUND Effective treatment of seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis often requires use of topical intranasal corticosteroids (INSs). Despite differences in recommended starting dosages, the 4 leading INSs by market share are packaged in bottles containing 120 metered-dose sprays. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative prescribed dosages of the leading INSs and compare economic differences ...

Upon activation, neutrophils release fibers composed of chromatin and neutrophil proteins termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs trap and kill microbes, activate dendritic cells and T cells, and are implicated in autoimmune and vascular diseases. Given the growing interest in the role of neutrophils in cancer immunoediting and the diverse function of NETs, we searched for NETs relea...