are free will and causal determinism compatible with each other? this is one of the most important questions central to discussions relating to free will. the problem is that causal determinism makes us encounter challenging dilemmas, either way leading us to deny free will: (1) causal determinism is either true or not true; (2) if causal determinism is true, we do not have free will; since all...

In vitro studies with Trichoderma spp., soil-borne fungal antagonists, demonstrated that a number of isolates produced volatile and non-volatile metabolites capable of inhibiting the growth and sporulation of several soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. Microscopic observations showed that T. harzianm and T. viride, isolated from soil samples from Ahwaz and Karaj, adversely affected the myce...

Previous-30 treatments of multivariate non-causal time series have assumed stationarity. In this article, we consider integrated processes in a setting. We generalize the Johansen–Granger representation for causal vector autoregressive (VAR) models to allow dependence on future errors and discuss how parameters can be estimated. The asymptotic distribution trace statistic is also considered. So...

We show how, and under which conditions, the equilibrium states of a first-order Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) system can be described with a deterministic Structural Causal Model (SCM). Our exposition sheds more light on the concept of causality as expressed within the framework of Structural Causal Models, especially for cyclic models.

This paper presents correct algorithms for answering the following two questions; (i) Does there exist a causal explanation con­ sistent with a set of background knowledge which explains all of the observed indepen­ dence facts in a sample? (ii) Given that there is such a causal explanation what are the causal relationships common to every such

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In this paper, we present Q U A L E X , a system and algor i thm for generating first-order quali tat ive causal graphs for tutor ia l purposes based on de Kleer and Brown's qualitative modeling theory. Q U A L E X is embedded in a constructive simulation environment called Heart Works which teaches hydraulics principles about the cardio-vascular system to first year college biology students.