This paper reviews the main algorithms for speech coding at low and very low bit rates, from 50 bps to 4000 bps. Then the HSX technique for coding at 1200 bps and a new segmental method with automatically derived units for very low bit rate coding are presented in details.

This article discusses the challenges of participation first-generation Christian – Assyrian and Muslim Turk immigrants in Belgium, Germany Netherlands countries that implement different multicultural civil integration policies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with born Turkey migrating to Netherlands. Their ages are between 45 72 years old. They have levels education. Assyrians profi...

The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) are thought to influence sensitivity to reinforcement and punishment, making them useful for predicting mood-related drinking outcomes. This study provided the first examination of BIS and BAS as moderators of longitudinal within-person associations between mood and alcohol-related consequences in college student drinke...

This study aimed to determine how the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) affect Internet addiction in adolescents. Two hundred and eleven high school students participated in this study and completed the Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT), BIS/BAS scales, and several self-administered questionnaires about depression, anxiety, and impulsivity. Hierarch...

Theorists have proposed that depression is associated with abnormalities in the behavioral activation (BAS) and behavioral inhibition (BIS) systems. In particular, depressed individuals are hypothesized to exhibit deficient BAS and overactive BIS functioning. Self-reported levels of BAS and BIS were examined in 62 depressed participants and 27 nondepressed controls. Clinical functioning was ass...

For the problem of model choice in linear regression, we introduce a Bayesian adaptive sampling algorithm (BAS), that samples models without replacement from the space of models. For problems that permit enumeration of all models BAS is guaranteed to enumerate the model space in 2p iterations where p is the number of potential variables under consideration. For larger problems where sampling is...