Identifying general patterns of colonization and radiation in island faunas is often hindered by past human-caused extinctions. The insular Caribbean is one of the only complex oceanic-type island systems colonized by land mammals, but has witnessed the globally highest level of mammalian extinction during the Holocene. Using ancient DNA analysis, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of one ...

The recent recovery of ancient DNA from a growing number of human samples shows that mitochondrial DNA haplogroup I was introduced to Europe after the end of the Last Glacial Maximum. This paper provides a spatio-temporal analysis of the various subhaplogroups of mitochondrial DNA I. The study suggests that haplogroup I diversified into haplogroups I1, I2’3, I4 and I5 at specific regions in Eur...

in the mythology of nations, there has been a myth known as “the numen of poetry and art” and different cultures have samples for that. this numen has been the connecting point between human being and god (or divinities) that inspires poetry to the poet in an unconscious manner. the writer of this article has studied shahnameh and pahlavi literature to search for this myth in the culture of anc...

World Literature, traditionally known as Comparative Literature, draws together literatures and cultures of a wide variety of countries and regions. Western and non-Western literary traditions are included in the curriculum, which emphasizes overall the junction – and not division of the past and present, ancient and modern. Ancient Mesopotamia, Greece and Rome – the roots of Classical Traditio...

Unani classical literature is a rich source of information for various clinical disorders but there is a wide gap between ancient and modern views of elaborating the pathophysiology. As far as Parkinsonism is concerned, it is a syndrome characterized by tremors, muscular rigidity, Bradykinesia and postural instability. After going through literature and historical review it is very much obvious...

Evidence of human birth defects dating back over three thousand years is reported in archeological literature. Excavated ruins of ancient Babylon revealed detailed reports of infant defects.1 Achondroplastic dwarfs (failure to develop healthy cartilage at the ends of the long bones, resulting in a form of congenital dwarfism) have been unearthed in ancient Egyptian tombs. Pictures drawn on anci...

neurilemmomas are benign tumors of peripheral nerve sheath schwann cells. one of the variants of neurilemmoma is the ancient type of neurilemmoma characterized by degenerative features such as cystic degeneration, calcification, hemorrhage and hyalinization which could be easily misdiagnosed. their occurrence in oral cavity is extremely rare and intraosseous type occurring in maxilla is exceedi...