Fransız Devrimi’nin siyasal düşüncesini incelediğimizde Devrim sürecinin aynı zamanda modern devlete özgü kavramların içeriği, kapsamı, soyut ve somut karşılıkları açısından bir tartışma inşa süreci olduğu görülür. Ulus, halk, yurttaşlık kavramlarını, Devrim’in sloganı olan ‘eşitlik, özgürlük, kardeşlik’ başlığı altındaki düşünceleri incelemek bize Ancien Régime sonrası kurulan yapının nasıl bi...

Catholics and dissident French royalists from the beginning of nineteenth century around journalists F. de La Mennais P.-S. Laurentie wanted to reconstitute a new Catholic monarchy against compromise made by Louis XVIII. It was necessary renew links with ancien régime revolutionary legacy, compensate for monarchy’s more distant flaws, caused according them distancing Church’s power. After July ...

Abstract Cousin marriage, a spousal union between close kin, occurs at high frequencies in many parts of the world. The rates cousin marriage humans are concordant with empirical studies that challenge traditionally held view reproduction kin is generally avoided animals. Similarly, some theoretical models animal behaviour show inbreeding avoidance more constrained than previously thought. Such...

Charles Gravier de Vergennes is one of the most important French diplomats 18th century. The first steps his diplomatic life were formed in embassies Lisbon and Frankfurt, where he served as conseiller d’ambassade alongside uncle Chavigny. was later assigned ambassador to Koblenz, Hanover, İstanbul Stockholm. He also appointed Minister Foreign Affairs by Louis 16, King France (1774-1792) a resu...

A Lagrangean and a set of Feynman rules are presented for Non-Relativistic QCD with manifest power counting in the heavy quark velocity v. A régime is identified in which energies and momenta are of order Mv. It is neither identical to the ultrasoft régime corresponding to radiative processes with energies and momenta of order Mv2, nor to the potential régime with on shell quarks and gluons pro...

Abstract Huguenot refugees were everywhere in the early modern world. Exiles fleeing French persecution, they scattered around Europe and beyond following Revocation of Edict Nantes 1685, settling North America, Caribbean, South Africa, even remote islands Atlantic Indian Oceans. This book offers first global history diaspora, explaining how why these became such ubiquitous characters imperiali...

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) maintained on either low sodium chloride (LS (control), 1.4% NaCl) or high sodium chloride (HS, 11% NaCl) diet were exposed to 55 μg·L–1 waterborne copper (Cu) for 28 days. Cu-exposed fish maintained on the LS diet exhibited 26% mortality, more than double (11%) that in fish maintained on the HS diet. Waterborne Cu exposure inhibited growth by 56% in...