Based on the floristic study of rust fungus flora (Uredinales) ofGolestan National Park, located in the Northeast of Iran, 68 rust taxa were recognized. Of these, one subspecies and five species viz. Phragmidium sanguisorbae subsp. mediterraneum on Sanguiosorba minor, Puccinia difformis on Galium aparine, P. jasmini on Jasminum fruticans, P. rhylismoides on Thalictrum isopyroides, Uromyces mogi...

Despite their importance as potential biological control agents, species of the campoplegine genus Campoplex Gravenhorst, 1829 are hard to identify. Previous works provided short descriptions or poor illustrations crucial characters, meaning it is often impossible distinguish closely related species. We provide identify difformis group and redescriptions for C. (Gmelin, 1790), capitator Aubert,...

A revisionary checklist of the Sesiini of southern Africa is presented. All known genera of the region and their type species are redescribed. The following genera are placed in Sesiini for the first time: Alonina Walker, 1856; Anaudia Wallengren, 1863; Austrosetia Felder & Felder, 1874; Megalosphecia Le Cerf, 1916 and Vespanthedon Le Cerf, 1917. The genera Cicinnoscelis Holland, 1893 rev. stat...

Workers of Crematogaster inflata possess the largest metapleural glands (relative to body size) known among ants, with reservoirs extending anteriorly up to the junction between the proand the mesothorax, and with over 1400 secretory cells on both sides together. This large secretory capacity is related to the gland’s defensive function, which, in members of this species, is directed against la...