The European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758), is one of the world’s most widely distributed chelonian species. We investigated its mitochondrial phylogeography and demography using 1300 cyt b sequences from the entire range, with a focus on the eastern part, in particular on Turkey, where the species currently suffers massive losses. Coloration data from 41450 turtles were compar...

The Chorthippus biguttulus group distributed in the west Palaearctic, while intensively examined in Europe, is poorly known in the glacial refugia such as Anatolia. This produces constraints in making accurate statements about evolution and the biogeography of the group. The C. brunneus subgroup of this lineage is examined using large amounts of morphological and song data from Anatolia (Asian ...

increasingly, aq qoyunlu rule and ottoman empire were inclined to contradict in the half of 9th/15th century. access to central anatolia for aq qoyunlu was a pivotal enterprise by which could develop its commercial ties. in contrast, ottomans tried to counteract the aq qoyunlu strives and thwarted its close relation with venice since ottomans regarded the latter as an archenemy in europe. forem...

The Turkmen exodus to the Anatolia is considered one of important historical periods in history Turks. After tenth century, a number Turkish tribes had converted Islam central Asia. Gradually they headed toward western Asia, migrated from Iran especially after foundation Sajuq`s state (1037). Afterwards, under authority Saljuqs, started migrate Anatolia. At same time, Byzantine dynasty internal...

Many variables such as its geographical structure, products grown in Anatolia, climate characteristics, the traditions and customs of civilizations that have lived on it for centuries constitute gastronomic identity Anatolia. Cracked wheat is seen one only elements shape This study aims to evaluate cracked dishes within framework socio-cultural characteristics determine folkloric by revealing f...

The first Mesopotamian city-states in the Uruk period (ca. 3800-3100 B. C.) pursued a strategy of commercial expansion into neighboring areas of the Zagros Mountains, Syria, and southeastern Anatolia. Recent research in these areas has located several Uruk outposts, in what is apparently the world's earliest-known colonial system. Although some Uruk "colonies" have been excavated, virtually not...

Two new species of the genus Sunius Curtis, 1829 are described from Denizli province of Western Anatolia and illustrated: Sunius yagmuri sp. n. from Akkaya Hill and Sunius golgeliensis sp.n. from Gölgeli Mountains. Additional records of five species of Sunius are reported. A total of 32 species are now known from Turkey, 28 of them are endemic.

A calicivirus was detected in neonatal calves with enteritis in Kırklareli, Thrace, Turkey. In the full-length genome, Kırklareli virus was related (48% nucleotide identity) to bovine enteric caliciviruses (Nebovirus genus). The virus was also detected in a herd in Ankara, Central Anatolia, but not in other Turkish prefectures.

Two alternative models have been proposed to explain the spread of agriculture in Europe during the Neolithic period. The demic diffusion model postulates the spreading of farmers from the Middle East along a Southeast to Northeast axis. Conversely, the cultural diffusion model assumes transmission of agricultural techniques without substantial movements of people. Support for the demic model d...