insulin – like growth factor – i (igf-1) plays a role in the skeletal muscle in the development, growth, repair, and maintenance of the tissues in an autocrine / paracrine as well as endocrine fashion. the aim of the present study was to investigate the response of growth factors to two different training methods. 14 male volunteers were selected and divided randomly into two groups. group a (p...

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the sequence order of high-intensity endurance training and circuit training on changes in muscular strength and anaerobic power. Forty-eight physical education students (ages, 21.4 +/- 1.3 years) were assigned to 1 of 5 groups: no training controls (C, n = 9), endurance training (E, n = 10), circuit training (S, n = 9), endurance before...

The aim of this study was to investigate the status and playing position differences in anthropometric measures and specific physical fitness in high-level junior water polo players. The sample of subjects comprised 110 water polo players (17 to 18 years of age), including one of the world's best national junior teams for 2010. The subjects were divided according to their playing positions into...

Athletes of various sports are required to utilize mouthguards during practice and competitions for protection against orofacial and dental injuries, regardless of the effects on performance. Recent advances in neuromuscular dentistry have led to the development of a mouthguard touted also to enhance the performance through jaw realignment. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects o...

The aim of this study was to examine possible discriminant physical and physiological characteristics between elite male handball players from elite teams with different league rankings. Players from three teams (A, B and C), which competed in the first league of the Greek championship during the season 2011-2012 participated in the study. Team A finished first, B came second and C came eighth ...

sleep deprivation has negative effects on performance and resulted in elevating of mortality risk, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 30 hour sleep deprivation on serum levels of c-reactive protein, blood lactate, muscular strength and physiological factors of rast test in active students. the present study was a semi-experimental on...

Introduction Anaerobic power is power used in high-intensity bouts of exercise lasting fewer than ten seconds; which is the peak amount of time for phosphocreatine reserves to empty as a primary fuel source. It is expressed in terms of watts of force per kilogram of bodyweight. Power is considered a crucial component in overall athleticism. Ample power tends to be a key difference maker in shor...