BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine which predictors influence the risk of relapse among a cohort of amphetamine-type substance (ATS) users in Iran. METHODS A Cox proportional hazards model was conducted to determine factors associated with the relapse time in the Matrix treatment program provided by the Iranian National Center of Addiction Studies (INCAS) between March 2010 and...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder found in 3% to 8% of children and adolescents. An important part of ADHD management is psychopharmacology, which includes stimulants, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 agonists, and antidepressants. Medications with the best evidence-based support for ADHD management are the stimulants methylph...

aIms: There has been a considerable increase in the number of seizures of amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) tablets in Japan. The ATS tablets contain one or more of active ingredients, which include 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), methamphetamine (MA), etc.. In addition, the tablets often contain other comp...

Abuse of methamphetamine (METH), a powerful addictive amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), is becoming a global public health problem. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system plays a critical role in METH use disorders. By using rat METH conditioned place preference (CPP) model, we previously demonstrated that METH-associated rewarding memory formation was associated with the reduction of ...

Both UNODC and U.S. surveys of opium poppy cultivation indicated a significant increase in cultivation and potential production in 2007, and production and export of synthetic drugs (amphetamine-type stimulants, crystal methamphetamine and Ketamine) from Burma continued unabated. (Note: 2008 UNODC Cultivation Report statistics were not available by our printing deadline.) The significant downwa...

In recent years, abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) has become a severe problem to the whole world, and methamphetamine (METH) has accounted for the majority percent of global ATS seizures. It has been confirmed that the changes of histone acetylation involve in the regulation of METH addiction [1]; however, the effects of METH on histone deacetylase (HDAC) are poorly understood. Behavi...

1 AIDS Resources, Information, and Services of Santa Clara County, 380 N. First Street, Suite 200, San Jose, California 95112-4050, United States of America. Telephone: (408) 293-2747; fax: 408-293-0341; e-mail: [email protected] In recent years the United States of America has experienced economic growth, low unemployment, low inflation, and technological advances. However, coexisting with thes...

Amphetamine-like stimulants are commonly used to treat sleepiness in narcolepsy. These compounds have little effect on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-related symptoms such as cataplexy, and antidepressants (monoamine uptake inhibitors) are usually required to treat these symptoms. Although amphetamine-like stimulants and antidepressants enhance monoaminergic transmission, these compounds are no...

LATEST RESEARCH FINDINGS One of the problems in monitoring use is that the distinctions between the different types of ATS and routes of administration are often not clear. This is partially due to the fact that toxicological screens identify the presence of ATS, but a confirmatory test such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is necessary to differentiate methamphetamine or ecs...

Behavioral sensitization to psychomotor stimulants has been shown to be accompanied by a number of alterations in the mesoaccumbens dopamine (DA) system, including DA autoreceptor subsensitivity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), postsynaptic D1 receptor supersensitivity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and augmentation of the DA-releasing effects of stimulants in the NAc. The present study ex...