The antifungal activity of hevein-like proteins has been associated with their chitin-binding activities. Pn-AMP1 and Pn-AMP2, two hevein homologues from Pharbitis nil, show in vitro antifungal activities against both chitin and non-chitin containing fungi. Purified Pn-AMPs retained antifungal activities only under non-reducing conditions. When Pn-AMP2 cDNA was constitutively expressed in tomat...

Aminoacyl ribonucleic acid formation is the first step in the translation of the genetic code for protein synthesis (1, 2). Although base pairing between the aminoacyl-RNA and the ribosome-bound messenger RNA may explain the mechanism of “reading” the messenger RNA base sequence, very little is known about how the transfer RNA structure is “read” by the activating enzymes. This, of course, is q...

Aminoacyl ribonucleic acid formation is the first step in the translation of the genetic code for protein synthesis (1, 2). Although base pairing between the aminoacyl-RNA and the ribosome-bound messenger RNA may explain the mechanism of “reading” the messenger RNA base sequence, very little is known about how the transfer RNA structure is “read” by the activating enzymes. This, of course, is q...

Prochlorococcus is the numerically dominant primary producer in open ocean ecosystems. Analysis of Prochlorococcus genome sequences from cultured isolates and ocean samples has broadened interest in studying this tiny cell, and efforts are underway to develop it into a model system for studying marine microbial ecology. A critical component of these efforts has been the development of systemati...

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major health threat worldwide. Cosmos caudatus is one of the medicinal plants used to treat type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness and safety of C. caudatus in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolomic approach will be carried out to compare the metabolite profiles between C. Caudatus treated diabetic patients and dia...