By applying a diversity oriented synthesis strategy for the search of new antagonists of the thrombin receptor PAR1, a series of peptide-based ureas and thioureas, including analogues of the PAR1 reference antagonist RWJ-58259, has been designed and synthesized. The general synthetic scheme involves reduction of basic amino acid-derived amino nitriles by hydrogen transfer from hydrazine monohyd...

Allylnitrile, cis-crotononitrile, and 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile are known to cause vestibular toxicity in rodents, and evidence is available indicating that cis-2-pentenenitrile shares this effect. We evaluated nineteen nitriles for vestibular toxicity in wild type (129S1) and CYP2E1-null mice, including all the above, several neurotoxic nitriles, and structurally similar nitriles. A new acute ...

Due to the importance and various applications of nitriles especially in medicinal productions, a new method for conversion of aldehydes to nitriles has been presented. Several nitrile-containing aromatic compounds were synthesized through the treatment of various aldehydes and hydroxylamine hydrochloride as nucleophile in the presence of ferric hydrogen sulfate as a heterogeneous, efficient, a...

Although, over the years, considerable interest has been shown in the transformation of aldoximes to nitriles, surprisingly few attempts have been made in utilizing derivatives of phosphorus for this purpose [1-7]. Best results were achieved using aromatic aldoximes, and only seldom were aliphatic aldoximes utilized, affording nitriles in only moderate yields. Recently [8], we reported a novel ...

Ferric hydrogensulfate catalyzed the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles via [2 + 3] cycloaddition of nitriles and sodium azide. This method has the advantages of high yields, simple methodology, and easy workup. The catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and reused delivering good yields. Also, ferric hydrogensulfate catalyzed the hydrolysis of nitriles to primary amides under aqu...

We describe an efficient method for the direct preparation of N-substituted aryl amidines from nitriles and primary amines. The protocol employs activation of amines by a strong base and provides greater access to a pharmaceutically relevant functional group. This synthetic approach tolerates deactivated nitriles, nitriles with competing substitution sites, and aryl amines.

Nitrilase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 33278 hydrolyses both aliphatic and aromatic nitriles. Replacing Tyr-142 in the wild-type enzyme with the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine did not alter specificity for either substrate. However, the mutants containing non-polar aliphatic amino acids (alanine, valine and leucine) at position 142 were specific only for aromatic substrates such as benz...

The synthesis of organic nitriles without using toxic cyanides is in great demand but challenging to make. Here we report an environmentally benign and cost-efficient synthesis of nitriles from the direct oxidative cyanation of primary carbon-hydrogen bonds with easily available molecular oxygen and urea. The key to this success is to design and synthesize manganese oxide catalysts fixed inside...

Biocatalysts display a remarkable capability to function under normal temperature and pressure with high specificity and are poten­ tially very economical. Bioconversion of nitri le compounds to a number of economically important compounds is described. A wide variety of microorganisms having the ability to metabolize different nitriles and discovered during the last two decades are described. ...

Microwave assisted CpCo(CO)(2) catalyzed cross-cyclotrimerizations of 1,7,9,15-hexadecatetrayne with two different nitriles to give unsymmetrically substituted bis(tetrahydroisoquinolines) was studied. The reaction proceeded with a range of alkyl and aryl nitriles with reasonable isolated yields.