During the past ten years a number of techniques and theoretical concepts have been developed for the analysis of various aspects of pulmonary function in health and in disease. An understanding of the principles of modern respiratory physiology enables the physician to provide the proper amount of artificial ventilation to the apneic subject and to assess the nature and the extent of the funct...

Lung tissue elastic recoil and the dimension and number of pulmonary gas-exchange units (alveoli) are major determinants of gas-exchange function. Loss of gas-exchange function accelerates after menopause in the healthy aged and is progressively lost in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The latter, a disease of midlife and later, though more common in men than in wo...

In the acute respiratory distress syndrome, alveolar flooding by proteinaceous edema liquid impairs gas exchange. Mechanical ventilation is used as a supportive therapy. In regions of the edematous lung, alveolar flooding is heterogeneous, and stress is concentrated in aerated alveoli. Ventilation exacerbates stress concentrations and injuriously overexpands aerated alveoli. Injury degree is pr...

of the lungs, including alveoli, is usually divided into two portions, i.e., the airway and the respiratory portion. Although the latter is morphologically subdivided into the respiratory bronchioli, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli, it will be much more useful to divide the respiratory portion into two parts, i.e., the central ducts succeeding the airway and alveoli surrounding the ce...

The aim of this study was to characterise pulmonary reimplantation injury in isolated, perfused rat lungs following 2 h of cold ischaemia, and 50 min. of in vitro reperfusion. The effects of 2 differently composed lung preservation solutions (low potassium Euro-Collins and Celsior; each n = 5) were examined in comparison with untreated, nonischaemic control lungs (n = 3). After fixation by vasc...

In this scientific study, morphological and morphometric indicators of hyaline membrane disease in premature infants were studied. The material was obtained from the results clinical-anamnestic analysis preterm at 22-37 weeks lung tissue. show that immaturity tissue, circulatory disorders damage to alveolar bronchial epithelium play an important role development lungs infants. studies showed on...