The use of spectroscopic techniques (especially phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance [(31)P-NMR] and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy) has recently advanced the analysis of the speciation of P in poultry litter (PL) and greatly enhanced our understanding of changes in P pools in PL that receive alum (aluminum sulfate) to reduce water-soluble P and control ammonia emissions ...

Actin exhibits ATPase activity of unknown function that increases when monomers polymerize into filaments. Differences in the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis and the release of the hydrolysis products ADP and inorganic phosphate suggest that phosphate-rich domains exist in newly polymerized filaments. We examined whether the enrichment of phosphate on filamentous ADP-actin might modulate the severin...

     Thimerosal, which is approximately 50% mercury by weight is a preservative widely used in vaccines since the 1930’s. It meets the requirements for a preservative as set forth by Pharmacopeia challenge test and has been shown to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In July 1999, the Public Health Service agencies and vaccine manufacturers agreed that thimerosal should be redu...

Aluminum is a common contaminant in many components of parenteral nutrition, especially calcium and phosphate additives. Although long-term effects have been described in the literature, short-term effects are not well-known. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration recommends maintaining aluminum at <5 mcg/kg/day. This was a single center, retrospective case-control study of 102 neonatal in...

thimerosal, which is approximately 50% mercury by weight is a preservative widely used in vaccines since the 1930’s. it meets the requirements for a preservative as set forth by pharmacopeia challenge test and has been shown to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. in july 1999, the public health service agencies and vaccine manufacturers agreed that thimerosal should be reduced o...

Aluminum compounds were first identified as adjuvant over 90 years ago [1]. Adjuvants (immunopotentiators or immuno modulators) in vaccine formulations aim to enhance, accelerate and prolong the specific immune response towards the desired response to vaccine antigens. Advantages of adjuvants include the enhancement of the immunogenicity of antigens, modification of the nature of the immune res...

Aluminum is a ubiquitous element that is released naturally into the environment via volcanic activity and the breakdown of rocks on the earth's surface. Exposure of the general population to aluminum occurs primarily through the consumption of food, antacids, and buffered analgesics. Exposure to aluminum in the general population can also occur through vaccination, since vaccines often contain...

400 300 I 7⁄8 iE 200 D100 Fig. 1. Change in serum intact PTH concentration. minum accumulation, for the treatment of mild to moderate secondary HPT. Five patients whose parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration before hemodialysis was between 200 and 400 pg/ml were selected. All patients were hemodialyzed for 5 h three times weekly, employing a dialysate calcium concentration of 3,5 mEq/1. The ag...

Phosphate control is still a great challenge in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and in spite of the great improvements in dialysis techniques, achievement of the goals for mineral metabolism control is still far from ideal. Aluminum hydroxide has been largely abandoned due to the high risk of aluminum toxicity, while the use of calcium-based phosphate binders may cause hypercalcemia, overzealous ...