How do stunning functional innovations evolve from unspecialized progenitors? This puzzle is particularly acute for ultrafast movements of appendages in arthropods as diverse as shrimps [1], stomatopods [2], insects [3-6], and spiders [7]. For example, the spectacular snapping claws of alpheid shrimps close so fast (∼0.5 ms) that jetted water creates a cavitation bubble and an immensely powerfu...

The Indo-West Pacific gobiid fish genus Lotilia, symbiotically associated with alpheid shrimps, is reviewed. The genus comprises two species, viz. L. graciliosa Klausewitz, 1960 and L. klausewitzi sp. nov., the latter of which is described herein based on 11 specimens (including seven type specimens) from Japan, Australia and the Bismark Archipelago. Lotilia klausewitzi, previously misidentifie...

Anchialine habitats in the Hawaiian Islands, characterized as coastal bodies of land-locked salt or brackish water that fluctuate with the tides due to subterranean connections, are the only ecosystems of this type found within the United States. These habitats are currently subject to anthropogenic impacts that threaten their future existence. Previous research has shown strong genetic populat...

Coral reef lagoons and back reef areas are composed more of sand than hard reef habitat. They support a diverse mix of fishes, including species restricted to sandy habitats and those dependent on both hard and soft substrata. However the resident assemblages associated with sand and the factors affecting their distribution and abundance are poorly understood. Here we examine spatial co-variati...

THIS PAPER reports on a small collection of snapping shrimp made at Onotoa in the southern Gilbert Islands during the summer of 1951 by the members of the Coral Atoll Research team during the investigation of the total ecology of the atoll under the sponsorship of the Pacific Science Board with funds from the Office of Naval Research (Contract NR 160-165 ). Members of the team working on the ec...

The Kane'ohe Bay lagoon floor is one of the largest shallowwater, muddy habitats in Hawai'i and is a major repository for sediments and, possibly, pollutants from the Kane'ohe watershed. Nonetheless, macrobenthic community structure, secondary production, and particle-mixing rates at the lagoon floor remain largely unstudied. During 1990-1991, we surveyed macrobenthic community structure at fou...