Clostridium perfringens is an important cause of enteric diseases in both human and animals. The bacteria produce several toxins which play key roles in the pathogenesis of diseases and are classified into five toxin types, on the basis of the differential production of Alpha, Beta, Epsilon and Iota toxins. In this study a single PCR assay was developed and used for detection of cpb2 gene to id...

AIM The loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was standardized for rapid detection of Clostridium perfringens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 fecal samples were collected from enterotoxemia suspected lambs were used for screening of C. perfringens cpa gene by LAMP. The specificity of the LAMP amplified products was tested by digesting with restriction enzyme XmnI for alpha toxin...

In developing Clostridium perfringens as a safe vaccine vector, the alpha toxin gene (plc) in the bacterial chromosome must be permanently inactivated. Disrupting genes in C. perfringens by traditional mutagenesis methods is very difficult. Therefore, we developed a new strategy using group II intron-based Target-Tron technology to inactivate the plc gene in C. perfringens ATCC 3624. Western bl...

Cell proliferation and alpha-toxin gene expression of Clostridium perfringens in relation to the development of necrotic enteritis (NE) were investigated. Unlike bacitracin-treated chickens, non-bacitracin-treated birds exhibited typical NE symptoms and reduced growth performance. They also demonstrated increased C. perfringens proliferation and alpha-toxin gene expression that were positively ...

A halotolerant yeast, Pichia farinosa KK1 strain, produces a unique killer toxin termed SMK toxin (salt-mediated killer toxin) which shows its maximum killer activity in the presence of 2 M NaCl. The toxin consists of two distinct subunits, alpha and beta, which are tightly linked without a disulfide bond under acidic conditions, even in the presence of 6 M urea. Under neutral conditions, howev...

Sample of longissimus muscle were taken from carcasses of steers, steers implanted with anabolic agents and bulls of Friesian and Charolais X Friesian breeds of cattle. Percent and mean cross-sectional areas (CSA) of three myofiber types (beta R, alpha R and alpha W) were determined. The percentage of beta R myofibers did not vary significantly with treatment. The implanted steers had 26% more ...

Earlier experiments have shown that cyclosporin A (CsA) and its non-calcineurin inhibitory analog NIM811 attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Presently, we compared the neuroprotective effects of previously determined mitochondrial protective doses of CsA (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and NIM811 (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) when administered at 15 ...

PURPOSE To examine the modulation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-stimulated monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion and transcription in human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells by dexamethasone (DEX) and cyclosporin A (CSA). METHODS Cultured HRPE cells were stimulated with IL-1 beta (0.2 to 20 ng/ml) or TN...

Background: Clostridium perfringens is known as the most widely distributed pathogenic microorganism in nature. It is an extremely important pathogen of human and domestic animals. In a commonly used classification scheme, C. perfringens is divided into five toxinotypes (A to E) based on the production of four major toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota). Enterotoxin is not usually used for C....

abrin known as ribosome inactivating protein’s (rip) it is a high cytotoxic plant protein. high lethality and low cost and easy access to plant and seeds lead to this toxin used in crimes and terrorist acts. because obtaining purified toxins requires advanced laboratory equipment and complex procedures, so, it appears that the perpetrators of such crimes use crude extracts. as a result, remaini...