We present a parameterization of fluvio-deltaic drainage network evolution and alluvial architecture in a basin-scale 2-DH model. The model setup is capable of producing convergent and divergent channel networks. Major elements are the alluvial-ridge aggradation and the coupled overbank deposition, the dimension and style of the channel belt and the sub-grid stratigraphic expression. Avulsions ...

Field surveys of channel width w and drainage area A in bedrock channel reaches reveal relationships where w 5 cA, similar to the classic hydraulic geometry of alluvial channels. Data from five mountain channel networks support the assumption used in many landscape evolution models that an alluvial hydraulic geometry relationship where b 5 0.3–0.5 holds for bedrock channel systems. Although the...

For the last two decades, climatically based interpretations have been the major focus in evolutionary studies of dryland alluvial fans. Climatic hypotheses to explain the development of alluvial fans in southern Death Valley, however, do not fare well when they are assessed with criteria used by philosophers of science. First and foremost, dating techniques do not have the chronometric precisi...

[1] We explored the dependence of experimental bedrock erosion rate on shear stress, bed load sediment flux, alluvial bed cover, and evolving channel morphology. We isolated these variables experimentally by systematically varying gravel sediment flux Qs and water discharge Qw in a laboratory flume, gradually abrading weak concrete “bedrock.” All else held constant, we found that (1) erosion ra...

Springs are the important water resources, which thier study is necessary in terms of their management and exploitation. In northern Iran, the karst springs locate in the central Alborz highlands and alluvial springs on the Caspian southern coasts.The Karst and alluvial springs discharge is variable because of different conditions in terms of aquifer, topography and precipitation .This study ha...

Seed dispersal and germination are critical to the fitness of all tree species. Moreover, among most trees the percentage of seeds that become seedlings, or “seedling success”, is very low. We examined seed success of a dominant lowland rainforest species, Pentaclethra macroloba, across a soil moisture gradient. Previous studies have established that P. macroloba has reduced seed germination ra...

Waterfalls commonly exist near bounding faults of mountain ranges, where erosional bedrock catchments transition to depositional alluvial fans. We hypothesize that aggradation on alluvial fans can bury active faults, and that the faults accumulate slip in the subsurface to produce a bedrock scarp. Following entrenchment of the alluvial fan, the scarp can be exposed as a waterfall. To explore th...

In this study, poultry manure compost and organic fertilizer were added to soils derived from basalt, granite, and river alluvial deposits for use as soil parent materials. Following incubation periods of 30 or 60 days at 25 °C, the physical and chemical properties and adsorption characteristics of the soils were studied. The results indicated that the application of poultry manure compost or o...