Abstract In this paper, Markov chain and dynamic programming were used to represent a suitable pattern for tax relief and tax evasion decrease based on tax earnings in Iran from 2005 to 2009. Results, by applying this model, showed that tax evasion were 6714 billion Rials**. With 4% relief to tax payers and by calculating present value of the received tax, it was reduced to 3108 billion Rials. ...

Although contract reparations have been extensively studied in the context of deontic logics, there is not much literature using reparations in automata-based deontic approaches. Contract automata are a recent approach to modelling the notion of contractbased interaction between different parties using synchronous composition. However, it lacks the notion of reparations for contract violations....

The present study first investigates the asymmetry of speedup - delay (gain and loss) and Sign Effect in Tehran Stock Exchange, then examine the effect of gender on the discount rate and explain it with the loss aversion. The sample is 403 investors in Tehran Stock Exchange, and the nonparametric Tests are used to test the research hypotheses. The research results show that there is an asymmetr...

In today’s era of supply chain, growing competence among suppliers together with well organized transportation networks making it more versatile and ensures better communication between buyers and suppliers with more cost effective movement of goods in shortest possible times. Suppliers frequently offers discount schedules based on all units model, which divides the range of possible order quan...

All-units discounts in retail contracts refer to discounts that lower a retailer’s wholesale price on every unit purchased when the retailer’s purchases equal or exceed some quantity threshold. These discounts pose a challenge to economic theory because it is difficult to understand why a manufacturer ever would charge less for a larger order if its intentions were benign. In this paper, we sho...