In this paper we address the optimal production of second generation of biodiesel using waste cooking oil and algae oil. We consider 5 different technologies for the transesterification of the oil (homogeneous acid or alkali catalyzed, heterogeneous basic catalyzed, enzymatic and supercritical non catalyzed). We formulate the problem as an MINLP where the models for each of the reactors are bas...

Gas-phase dehydration of lactic acid (LA) to acrylic acid (AA) was investigated over alkali-exchanged β zeolite (M(x)Na(1-x)β, M=Li(+), K(+), Rb(+), or Cs(+)) of different exchange degrees (x). The reaction was conducted under varying conditions to understand the catalyst selectivity for AA production and trends of byproduct formation. The nature and exchange degree of M(+) were found to be cri...

In this study, we aimed to enhance the catalytic activity of perovskite catalysts and elucidate their behavior in oxidative coupling methane (OCM), using alkali-added LaAlO3 catalysts. We prepared LaAlO3_XY (X = Li, Na, K, Y mol %) applied them OCM reaction. The results showed that catalysts’ activities were promoted compared catalyst. reaction, ethane was first synthesized through dimerization...

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one of the two important half reactions in current water-alkali and chlor-alkali electrolyzers. To make this reaction energy-efficient, development of highly active and durable catalytic materials in an alkaline environment is required. Herein we report the synthesis of carbon-coated cobalt-tungsten carbide nanoparticles that have proven to be efficient ...

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel derived from fatty acids in vegetable oils or animal fats. Because it contains almost no sulphur, it burns more cleanly than conventional diesel. However, the chemical reaction that breaks down the fatty acids into fuel relies on an aqueous alkali catalyst such as sodium hydroxide, making the product difficult to separate from the reaction mixture. Robert S. Wat...

The amination of aryl halides in the presence of inexpensive and air-stable alkali metal hydroxide bases and Pd[P(t-Bu)3]2 as catalyst gave arylamines in high yields. The reactions were conducted with a catalytic amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as phase-transfer agent and either aqueous hydroxide or solid hydroxide in the presence of water. This combination of alkali metal hydroxide ba...

Study presents that supercritical methanol has the ability to convert oils/fats consisting of triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFAs) into fatty acid methyl esters through transesterification and methyl esterification, respectively, without any catalyst. This one-step method (Saka process) is simpler process realizing shorter reaction time and higher yield of methyl esters than those of the c...

NiAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are promising bifunctional catalysts comprising tunable redox and Lewis acidic sites. However, most studies of LDH employ alkali hydroxide carbonate precipitants which may contaminate the final catalyst leach into reaction media. Here, we report an alkali-free route to prepare NixAl LDHs with a composition range x = 1.7 4.1 using (NH4)2CO3 NH4OH as precipit...

Model compound testing was conducted in a batch reactor to evaluate the effects of trace contaminant components on catalytic hydrogenation of sugars. Trace components are potential catalyst poisons when processing biomass feedstocks to value-added chemical products. Trace components include inorganic elements such as alkali metals and alkaline earths, phosphorus, sulfur, aluminum, silicon, chlo...

In this study, Jatropha curcas oil was used as feedstock for biodiesel production by alkali-catalyzed methanolysis. To establish the optimum conditions for biodiesel production, effects of certain factors were investigated, these factors are oil-to-methanol molar ratios (1:4 1:8), KOH catalyst concentrations (0.5 1.5% w/w oil), reaction temperatures (50 70oC), and reaction times (55 90minutes)....