The rapid filling process in pressurized pipelines has been extensively studied using mathematical models. On the other hand, application of computational fluid dynamics models emerged during last decade, which considers development CFD that simulate pipes with entrapped air, and without air expulsion. Currently, studies representing expulsion are scarce literature. In this paper, a two-dimensi...

Geysers, which involve the explosive release of water through vertical shafts connected to a nearly horizontal pipeline, have been attributed to either pipeline surge or the release of air. Laboratory experiments involving the release of a large entrapped pocket of air through a surcharged vertical riser indicate that the air can force water upward in the shaft but that a jet such as seen in vi...

The sizing of air valves during the expulsion phase in rapid filling processes is crucial for design purposes. Mathematical models have been developed to simulate behaviour expulsion, utilising 1D and 2D schemes. These transient events involve presence two fluids with different properties behaviours (water air). effect under scenarios controlled has studied by various authors; however, analysis...

Medical Officer In-charge, Rai Bahadur Amar Natli Tuberculosis Institute, Mayo Hospital, Lahore Air embolism is a very rare but a very serious complication of artificial pneumothorax treatment. It occurs most frequently during the induction of pneumothorax, but on certain rare occasions has been met with during a re-fill. Cases have also been recorded in which the entry of a needle into the lun...

Spontaneous pneumorrhachis (air in the spinal canal) occurs in the absence of medical procedures, trauma, or free air distributions in other body compartments (such as pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax) [1]. One postulated cause is the migration of air from the disc into the spinal canal and neural foramina [1] and [2]. A 46-year-old man presented with severe, debilitating pain down the right l...

statement of problem: the replacement of missing teeth with implant-associated restorations has become a widely used treatment modality in recent years. the length of dental implants may be a critical factor in achieving and maintaining osseointegration. purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate and bone loss of dental implants with different lengths materials and methods...