Previous work has shown that there is a relationship between the degree of deterioration of cane and the amount of ethanol present. The use of an ethanol detector for identifying stale cane was investigated at Noodsberg. This tool will enable the cane quality controller to identify areas where cane delays occur and implement appropriate action. The detector uses the infrared absorbance of ethan...

In recent years, severe and persistent air pollution episodes in China have drawn wide public concern. Based on ground monitoring air quality data collected in 2015 in Chinese cities above the prefectural level, this study identifies the spatiotemporal variations of air pollution and its associated driving factors in China using descriptive statistics and geographical detector methods. The resu...

background: the incomplete burning of fuel in engine of vehicles, evaporation of petrol from gas stations, and also car carburetor cause unburned hydrocarbons to be emitted in ambient air of cities and gas station locations. from unburned hydrocarbons; monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon influence to citizen's health and benzene is known as carcinogenic compounds. the objectives of this study are t...

In this work, a robust stand-off alpha detection method using the secondary effects of alpha radiation has been sought. Alpha particles ionise the surrounding atmosphere as they travel. Fluorescence photons produced as a consequence of this can be used to detect the source of the alpha emissions. This paper details experiments carried out to detect this fluorescence, with the focus on photons i...

PURPOSE Exit 2D detectors are widely used in clinics as a tool for pre- treatment field verification. It is desired to have accurate modeling of the detector dose for each IMRT plan with patient geometry for in-vivo delivery verification. We propose a novel hybrid of model and measurement based methods to estimate the detector dose using the information from TPS and plan/verification CT. METH...

The proposed SCORE detector consists of a large array of light collecting modules designed to sample the Cherenkov light front of extensive air showers in order to detect high energy γ-rays. A large spacing of the detector stations makes it possible to cover a huge area with a reasonable effort, thus achieving a good sensitivity up to energies of about a few 10 PeV. In this paper the event reco...

The IceCube experiment at South Pole consists of two detector components the IceTop air shower array on the surface and the neutrino telescope at depths from 1450 to 2450 meters below. Currently, 26 IceTop stations and 22 InIce strings are deployed. With the present size of the IceTop array, it is possible to measure cosmic rays with energies ranging from 0.5 PeV to 100 PeV. Coincident events b...

Abstract. The Pierre Auger Observatory can detect with high efficiency the air showers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays incident at large zenith angles θ > 60. We describe here the specific characteristics of inclined and horizontal showers, as well as the characteristics of their signal in the surface detector. We point out their relevance both to extend the potential of the detector, ...