Vibrio fischeri possesses two quorum-sensing systems, ain and lux, using acyl homoserine lactones as signaling molecules. We have demonstrated previously that the ain system activates luminescence gene expression at lower cell densities than those required for lux system activation and that both systems are essential for persistent colonization of the squid host, Euprymna scolopes. Here, we ask...

BACKGROUND Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) represents a precursor lesion of invasive squamous cell carcinoma with a clear association to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. HIV infection is strongly associated with a higher prevalence of genital HPV infection, a higher incidence of AIN, and, consecutively, an increased risk for anal cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to ...

AIM To investigate the association between the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). METHODS The Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb received seven case reports of AIN induced by various PPIs. In five of the reports it was mentioned that the diagnosis was confirmed by a renal biopsy. RESULTS The time to onset varied between hours to 4 months. In...

Department of Medicine, Al-Ain Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates (Correspondence to J. Punnose: [email protected]). 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. 3Department of Paediatrics, Al-Ain Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. ABSTRACT To characterize the features of type 2 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents in A...

Medications, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antimicrobials, have been most commonly associated with acute interstitial nephritis (AIN); antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are rarely known to cause AIN. This is a case of a 27-year-old male who was recently started on treatment with lamotrigine for bipolar disorder and was found to have rapidly progressive renal failure. Renal biops...

Since Verkuyl (1972), we have known that a noun phrase can affect the (a)telicity of the verbal predicate. Since then, there have been both semantic and syntactic accounts of this aspectual influence of the noun (AIN). This raises the question of whether the AIN is best accounted for in semantic or syntactic terms, that is, whether it is more appropriately treated as semantic or syntactic in na...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Urine eosinophils (UEs) have been shown to correlate with acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) but the four largest series that investigated the test characteristics did not use kidney biopsy as the gold standard. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This is a retrospective study of adult patients with biopsy-proven diagnoses and UE tests performed from 1994 t...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Previous studies examining the metabolic consequences of dietary iron deficiency have reported elevated serum glucose concentrations in iron-deficient animals. Importantly, the majority of these findings were observed using an earlier version of a laboratory animal diet (AIN-76A) in which the primary carbohydrate source was sucrose - a disaccharide known to negatively i...

BACKGROUND Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a clinico-pathological syndrome associated with a variety of infections, drugs, and sometimes with unknown causes. It is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and subsequent renal impairment, which often times is under-diagnosed. Infection-associated AIN occurs as a consequence of many systemic bacterial, viral, and parasitic infec-tions; h...