l The Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Fund is financed on a year-by-year basis and is adequately financed. The Trustees urge the Congress to take additional actions designed to control SMI costs through specific program legislation and as a part of enacting comprehensive health care reform. The Boards of Trustees of the four trust funds issued a joint summary of their 1993 a...

Ganesh Thapa Asia and the Pacific Division International Fund for Agricultural Development The second in a series of discussion papers produced by the Asia and the Pacific Division, IFAD 2 Enabling the rural poor to overcome poverty The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official views or policies of the International Fund for Agricultural ...

State-government–provided reinsurance—essentially, insurance for insurance companies—can relieve health insurers of the risk of “adverse selection” (disproportionate enrollments of individuals with extraordinarily high medical costs), particularly in the small group and individual markets. With such programs in place, insurers may significantly lower premiums, thereby making health coverage aff...

Options for health financing reform are often portrayed as a choice between general taxation (known as the Beveridge model) and social health insurance (known as the Bismarck model). Ten years of health financing reform in Kyrgyzstan, since the introduction of its compulsory health insurance fund in 1997, provide an excellent example of why it is wrong to reduce health financing policy to a cho...

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia decided to replace its deeply flawed and under-funded system of socialized medicine by a scheme of health insurance that involved the decentralization of health services and of off-budget financing. Every enterprise would pay 3.6% of its salary fund into a Regional Health Insurance Fund, and the Fund would finance private insurance companie...

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of Nigerian insurance companies using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Because of the unavailability of the required data, the study is limited to ten Nigerian insurance companies for the period of five years from 2008 to 2012. The input employed were commission expenses and management expenses, while premium and investment income...

introduction social security policies, and particularly the social insurance strategies, are awing important publicly supportive mechanisms to meet the communities’ social vulnerabilities. social insurance of rural people in iran has practically been conducted in recent years through the rural and nomadic social insurance fund. the widespread use of social insurance depends on the extent of its...