Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association serum leptin levels with presence and severity age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: A hospital-based case–control conducted on 84 patients (42 cases 42 controls) either sex complaining diminution vision aged 40 years above between August 2019 2021. Results: Mean level in 1.55±0.99 ng/mL control 2.11±0.88 (p<0....

INTRODUCTION Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a very common cause of vision loss especially in elderly patients living in developed countries. ARMD is caused by the accumulation of drusen in the macula, which is the most important part of the retina, and this process ends in serious irreversible visual impairment. Pigment epithelial detachment (PED) may be seen in all stages of ARMD a...

Ranibizumab is a monoclonal antibody fragment that inhibits angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor A, used as a treatment for patients with wet aged-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Adverse effects from intravitreal Ranibizumab injections are well recognised. Macular hole formation following Ranibizumab injection is a complication that has been recently reported in fe...

Macular degeneration is one of the most common retinal diseases in India. Usually it is observed in people over 60s and is therefore called age related macular degeneration, ARMD or AMD. The macula is responsible for the sharp central vision needed for detailed activities such as reading, writing, driving, face recognition and ability to see colours. Age related macula degeneration is degenerat...

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of blindness in subjects older than 50 years of age in the developed world. There are two types of ARMD, neovascular (NV) and nonneovascular (NN). While anti-VEGF-based therapies have significantly decreased the visual morbidity associated with NV-ARMD, there are no effective treatments for NN-ARMD. A detailed discussion of NV-ARMD an...

While during the 1980s epidemiological studies searched for possible associations of environmental factors, factors of lifestyle, and cardiovascular diseases with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), this is now perceived as a multifactorial disorder with predisposing genetic constellations and with environmental factors contributing to disease progression. The evidence which supports a gen...

Blood samples were analyzed for GSH and GSH redox state in 40 age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) patients (> 60 y), 33 non-ARMD diabetic patients (> 60 years), 27 similarly aged non-ARMD and nondiabetic individuals (> 60 years), and 19 younger individuals (< 60 years) without ARMD or diabetes. Results showed a significantly lower plasma GSH in older individuals (ARMD, diabetes, and control...

Macular degeneration is one of the most common retinal diseases in India. Usually it is observed in people over 60s and is therefore called age related Macular degeneration, ARMD or AMD. The macula is responsible for the sharp central vision needed for detailed activities such as reading, writing, driving, face recognition and ability to see colours. Age related macula degeneration is degenerat...