background and purpose :aflatoxin m1, in milk and dairy products, is classified by the international agency for research on cancer as human carcinogens (class 2b). the aim of this study was to evaluate aflatoxin m1 contamination level in dairy products from iranshahr city, iran, using elisa technique. materials and methods: in our study, 87 samples of milk, white cheese, yoghurt, and butter wer...

Cholinergic inputs into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are associated with attention and cognition; however there is evidence that acetylcholine also has a role in PFC dependent learning and memory. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in the PFC can induce synaptic plasticity, but the underlying mechanisms remain either opaque or unresolved. We have characterized a form of mAChR mediated lo...

M. Soehle 1*, M. Kuech 1, M. Grube 1, S. Wirz 1,2, S. Kreuer 3, A. Hoeft 1, J. Bruhn 1,4 and R. K. Ellerkmann 1 1 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany 2 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, CURA Hospital, Bad Honnef, Germany 3 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Un...

Macrophage/microglia with heterogonous phenotype and function under physiological and pathological conditions are the main cell lineage involved in inducing immune responses in neuroinflammatory diseases which exhibit combined inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. An increase in the expression of iNOS triggers M1 phenotype that secrete high concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, whil...

Background: Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome p450 in humans are the main cause of differences in the metabolism. The allele and genotype frequencies of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 have been studied in some Iranian populations. The aim of present study was to examine the frequencies of CYP2C18m1, and CYP2C18m2, alleles in the Mazandarani ethnic group among Iranian Population. Materials and Methods: I...

Background & Aims: Aflatoxin M1 is one of the most important toxins present in milk and the product of aflatoxin B1 metabolism in liver microsomes. The aim of this project was to study the aflatoxin M1 adsorption ability of polystyrene-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite. Methods: First, the probability of aflatoxin M1 adsorption by the nanocomposite was evaluated us...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is physical damage to the brain structure which has a high global rate of mortality and morbidity. TBI can cause intense inflammatory response due to accumulation of leukocytes in cerebral matrix and activation of microglia. Microglia can differentiate into M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages following the changes in biochemical properties of brain tissue. M1 sub type ...

The endocannabinoids are lipid-derived signaling molecules that control feeding and energy balance by activating CB1-type cannabinoid receptors in the brain and peripheral tissues. Previous studies have shown that oral exposure to dietary fat stimulates endocannabinoid signaling in the rat small intestine, which provides positive feedback that drives further food intake and preference for fat-r...

Using 24 hours in vitro cultures of rumen microorganisms, this study investigates the effect of buffering capacity of 2 inorganic compounds (M1=119.43 and M2=116.50 meq/L) on the in vitro rumen acidogenic value (AV), medium pH, dry matter disappearance (INVDMD) and methane emission of lactating dairy cow diets containing various forage to concentrate ratios as 40:60 (FC40:60) and 30:70 (FC30:70...

Aging is associated with reduced trapping of Ag in the form of in immune complexes (ICs) by follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). We postulated that this defect was due to altered regulation of IC trapping receptors. The level of FDC-M1, complement receptors 1 and 2, FcgammaRII, and FDC-M2 on FDCs was immunohistochemically quantitated in draining lymph nodes of actively immunized mice for 10 days ...