This study examined the mechanisms by which income inequality among households with elderly members changed from the mid-1980s to the mid-2000s, focusing on the transformation of household structure and on income sources. The data that I analyze in this paper comes from the Comprehensive Survey of People’s Living Conditions in Japan (CSLCJ) conducted by the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and ...

The worldwide growth slowdown after 1975 was a major negative fiscal shock; lower growth lowers the present value of tax revenues and primary surpluses and thus makes a given level of debt more burdensome. Most countries failed to adjust to the negative fiscal consequences of the growth implosion and so public debt to GDP ratios exploded. The growth slowdown therefore played an important role i...

(SK) Well I guess it is a slightly different answer for each of us, but essentially for all of us, it was through the Eurotra project. This was the MT project that was created by the European Commission in the late 1970s. The aim was to produce a high quality, fully automatic machine translation system for use by the EC. The EC had a serious translation problem because of the number of language...

The manufacture of clothing, along with the closely associated activities of fibre and textile production, continues to be one of the driving forces of industrialisation throughout the developing world. At the same time, the clothing industries of many developed consumer countries are fighting to maintain their share of the total value (as opposed to volume) which is created throughout the enti...

An aging population, national health insurance, and the factors that drove up the cost of health care in the 1970s will accelerate cost increases in the 1980s.

The main challenge of vaccine control of poliomyelitis in the 1980s is in the subtropical and tropical regions of the world where "lameness" surveys in recent years have shown how very high the average annual incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis can be in both rural and urban areas in the absence of epidemics. The procedures by which oral polio vaccine (OPV) rapidly eliminated all or almost all...

This paper describes and considers explanations for changes in corporate governance and merger activity in the United States since 1980. Corporate governance in the 1980s was dominated by intense merger activity distinguished by the prevalence of leveraged buyouts (LBOs) and hostility. After a brief decline in the early 1990s, substantial merger activity resumed in the second half of the decade...