the present study aims at exploring kinship terms and the different ways in which they are used to refer to and address relatives and non-relatives in hawrami, an iranian language spoken in paveh, a border city in kermanshah province. the relevant linguistic and cultural data are obtained primarily by one of the researchers as a native speaker of the dialect and through field works and intervie...

Abstract Address terms are closely related to the conceptualisation of hierarchical relations in a speech community, so, since – at least Western societies tendencies towards flattening hierarchies have been noted (cf. Mair, 2006), we expect changes this domain. Some evidence has produced for German, American and British English, but empirical insights on address choice Indian English lacking d...