The knowledge base regarding the medical treatment of acute bipolar mania is rapidly expanding. Information about agents with established antimanic properties is increasing, and more agents with putative antimanic properties are being identified. We first review the controlled studies supporting the efficacy of the established antimanic agents lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine and standard ...

Mood disorders (unipolar and bipolar disorders) are one of the most distressing and disabling disorders known to man kind. Mood disorders may present as either a depressive phase or manic phase. Chronic mania by definition means presence of manic symptoms in excess of 2 yrs without remission. Chronic mania differs in its psychopathological presentation from the acute mania. Chronic mania also p...

Nowadays, psychiatrists have a wide range of treatment choices to treat acute mania. Introduction of atypical antipsychotics in the last decade has increased the range of available treatments. A good number of double-blind randomized clinical trials have supported the efficacy of several atypicals, (aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone) both as monotherapy and in combi...

Clara cell protein (CC16) and transferrin receptor (TfR) have been reported as possible biological markers for major depression and schizophrenia. However, the alternations of plasma TfR and CC16 levels and the influences of numerous clinical variables on them during bipolar mania are not sufficiently described. We investigated the immune function of 36 bipolar I, manic (DSM-IV) patients with Y...

Bipolar affective disorder is a serious mental disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Good-quality research available to guide treatment strategies remains insufficient, particularly with regard to manic or hypomanic episodes. A critical review of the various stages of mania might be helpful for pharmaceutical companies and investigators as a prerequisite for the clinical ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Phenomenological studies on mood disorder are rare in Nepal which prompted us to undertake the current factor analytical study of mania. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a cross-sectional descriptive study for which we did purposive sampling technique according to certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study sample consists of fifty patients, who fulfilled the Int...