introduction the gamma knife system is designed solely for non-invasive treatment of brain disorders, and it benefits from stereotactic surgical techniques. dose calculations required in the system are performed by gammaplan code; in this code, brain tissue is considered uniform. in the present study, we evaluated the effect of gamma knife system on the obtained dose through simulating a real h...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the initial electron beam parameters for Monte Carlo model of 6MV photon beam produced by Siemens Oncor® linear accelerator.   Materials and Methods: In this study, the EGSnrc Monte Carlo user codes BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc were used. The beamnrc code were used for modelling of a 6 MV photon beam produced by...

monte carlo method is a very accurate method to optimize medical diagnostic radiology spectra and simulation of radiation transportation. using mcnp code, radiology and mammography attenuated x-rayspectraweresimulated.the ipem report number 78 was used as a reference to compare with the geant4 and mcnp simulations because of its popularity and wide availability. the results of geant4 in 40kev s...

in this paper, the pricing of a european call option on the underlying asset is performed by using a monte carlo method, one of the powerful simulation methods, where the price development of the asset is simulated and value of the claim is computed in terms of an expected value. the proposed approach, applied in monte carlo simulation, is based on the black-scholes equation which generally def...

Background: An effective method for management of large and bulky malignant tumors. This treatment modality is also known as Specially Fractionated Radiation Therapy (SFRT). In this treatment technique a grid block converted the open radiation field into a series of pencil beams. Dosimetric characteristics of an external beam grid radiation field have been investigated using experimental and Mo...

Introduction: The CT machine utilizes a bowtie filter to shape the X-ray beam and remove lower energy photons. Configuration of this bowtie filter is complex and its geometry is often not available in detail. It causes the CT dose index (CTDI) be with the different values in measurement versus Monte Carlo simulation studies and other analytical calculations. It is important esp...