To implement fair exchange of digital signatures, we need an efficient scheme to commit a digital signature safely to a specific receiver. To satisfy this security requirement in an efficient manner, we introduce a new variant of digital signature called conditional signature which is a specially interpreted signature on a message and a condition together. By imposing a signer-chosen condition ...

based on a meta-theoretical analysis of voting, the present paper is an attempt to present a theoretical model encompassing all the possible aspects of voting in an election action system, proposing four sub-systems of voting as follows: economic voting, political voting, cultural voting and moral voting. having distinguished among these sub-systems, the writer describes the constitutive elemen...

This paper examines the impact of political uncertainty on financial crises using a panel of twenty-two emerging markets. By examining political election cycles, we find that eight out of nine of the financial crises happened during the periods of political election and transition. Using a combination of probit and switching regression analysis, we find that there is a significant relationship ...

Coleman’s equilibrium model of social development, the Linear System of Action, is extended to cover the dynamics of societal transitions. The model implemented has the characteristics of a dissipative system. A variation and selection algorithm favoring the retention of relatively dependent actors forces the system away from equilibrium, while exchange of control, according to Coleman the driv...

Insulin increases microvascular perfusion and substrate exchange surface area in muscle, which is pivotal for hormone action and substrate exchange, by activating insulin signaling cascade in the endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide. This action of insulin is closely coupled with its metabolic action and type 2 diabetes is associated with both metabolic and microvascular insulin resistance...

The perpendicular exchange bias field, H(EB), of the magnetoelectric heterostructure Cr2O3(111)/(Co/Pt)(3) changes sign after field cooling to below the Néel temperature of Cr2O3 in either parallel or antiparallel axial magnetic and electric freezing fields. The switching of H(EB) is explained by magnetoelectrically induced antiferromagnetic single domains which extend to the interface, where t...

This paper examines the impact of political uncertainty on the recent financial crises in emerging markets. By examining political election cycles, we find that eight out of nine of the recent financial crises happened during periods of political election and transition. Using a combination of probit and switching regression analysis, we find that there is a significant relationship between pol...

In the "Na lag hypothesis" of cardiac glycoside action, [Ca]i increases through sodium-calcium exchange following block of the sodium-calcium ATPase. This accumulation of [Ca]i has been suggested to be responsible for digitalis-induced delayed afterdepolarizations and arrhythmias. We used standard microelectrode techniques to study the effects of adriamycin, 10-200 fiM, on the canine Purkinje f...

Our objective was to determine the respective roles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the Na/Ca exchanger in the small, slowly decaying Ca transients of failing human ventricular myocytes. Left ventricular myocytes were isolated from explanted hearts of patients with severe heart failure (n518). Cytosolic Ca, contraction, and action potentials were measured by using indo-1, edge detection,...